部署django应用

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Autor: wangxianlong

2016/7/10 16:17:55

环境:

• centos 6.5
• python 2.7.5
• django 1.9
• nginx 1.8
• selinux diabled
• 项目目录: /data/task/xuptlib/

---

安装必要的软件

python

由于centos自带的python2.6.6已经驱动不起来django1.9了. 大概会报这样的错误

Traceback (most recent call last):File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.utils.version import get_versionFile "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/version.py", line 7, in <module>
from django.utils.lru_cache import lru_cacheFile "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/lru_cache.py", line 28
fasttypes = {int, str, frozenset, type(None)},
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

所以我们升级为python2.7.5. 我们用来pyenv来管理环境，当然也可以重新编译python

# 下载pyenv脚本
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yyuu/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer

chmod  +x pyenv-installer
./pyenv-installer

# 配置环境
cat /etc/profile.d/pyenv.sh
export PATH="/root/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

source /etc/profile

# 安装python 2.7.5
pyenv install 2.7.5

# 使用 python2.7.5
pyenv  local 2.7.5
pyenv rehash

django

yum install -y  python-pip
pip install django==1.9
pip install Mysql-python  # 连接数据库

nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module--with-http_gzip_static_module && make && make install

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/

uwsgi

pip install uwsgi

测试一下: uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

在浏览器中看到helloworld

部署

首先看下流程，知道流程思路清晰，做的才不会乱，问题也好解决:

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

1. 部署nginx

配置文件

cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  2;				#主进程数

events {
    use epoll;						# 使用epoll I/O模型
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    server_tokens off;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  45;

    server {
	    listen	80;
	    server_name	x.x.x.x;
	    charset 	utf-8;
            client_max_body_size 32M;

	    location /static {
		alias /data/task/xuptlib/staticfile;	#静态文件位置，自己需要使用django来collect静态文件
	    }

	    location / {							# 注意使用scoket，免去TCP的连接消耗
		uwsgi_pass unix:///data/task/xuptlib/bookhelper.sock;
		include uwsgi_params;					# 在配置文件conf中
	    }
    }   

}

配置完成:

nginx -t
nginx

2. django的部署

2.1 关闭django的debug

DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']		# 注意允许的主机不要忘写了, 否则HTTP400会来

# 顺带提一下可以关闭url中admin后台管理

2.2 配置静态文件收集

# 刚才有在nginx配置文件中提到哦！！
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "staticfile/")

# 收集
python manage.py collectstatic

3. uwsgi

可以理解uwsgi在django和nginx搭了桥. 身份有点像Tomcat

配置文件/或者直接用命令

cat /etc/uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
chdir = /data/task/xuptlib						#项目父目录
module = bookhelper.wsgi						#项目下的wsgi文件位置
socket = /data/task/xuptlib/bookhelper.sock		# socket 文件位置，和nginx配置文件中的一样哦！！
chmod = 666										# socket 权限，  不够的话，会permission denied
master = true
processes = 3									#　起的三个子进程数
vacuum = true 									# 退出清理环境
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi.pid
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log					# 日志位置

uwsgi启动脚本

[root@rikewang xuptlib]# cat /etc/init.d/uwsgi
#! /bin/sh

PATH="/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv/shims:/root/.pyenv/shims:/root/.pyenv/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

NAME=uwsgi
EXEC=uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

do_start() {
	$EXEC $CONFIGFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
}

do_stop() {
	$EXEC --stop $PIDFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
	rm -f $PIDFILE
}
do_reload() {
	$EXEC --reload $PIDFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
}
do_status() {
	ps aux|grep $EXEC
}

case "$1" in
	status)
		echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"
		do_status
	;;
	start)
		echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"
		do_start
	;;
	stop)
		echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"
		do_stop
	;;
	reload|graceful)
		echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"
		do_reload
	;;
	*)
		echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
		exit 3
	;;
esac

exit 0

在回顾一下流程:

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django