部署django应用

Autor: wangxianlong

2016/7/10 16:17:55

环境:

centos 6.5
python 2.7.5
django 1.9
nginx 1.8
selinux diabled
项目目录: /data/task/xuptlib/

安装必要的软件

python

由于centos自带的python2.6.6已经驱动不起来django1.9了. 大概会报这样的错误

Traceback (most recent call last):File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>

from django.utils.version import get_versionFile "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/version.py", line 7, in <module>

from django.utils.lru_cache import lru_cacheFile "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/lru_cache.py", line 28

fasttypes = {int, str, frozenset, type(None)},

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

所以我们升级为python2.7.5. 我们用来pyenv来管理环境，当然也可以重新编译python

# 下载pyenv脚本

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yyuu/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer

chmod  +x pyenv-installer

./pyenv-installer

# 配置环境

cat /etc/profile.d/pyenv.sh

export PATH="/root/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"

eval "$(pyenv init -)"

eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

source /etc/profile

# 安装python 2.7.5

pyenv install 2.7.5

# 使用 python2.7.5

pyenv  local 2.7.5

pyenv rehash

django

yum install -y  python-pip

pip install django==1.9

pip install Mysql-python  # 连接数据库

nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module--with-http_gzip_static_module && make && make install

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/

uwsgi

pip install uwsgi

测试一下: uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

# test.py

def application(env, start_response):

    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])

    return [b"Hello World"] # python3

    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

在浏览器中看到helloworld

部署

首先看下流程，知道流程思路清晰，做的才不会乱，问题也好解决:

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

1. 部署nginx

配置文件

cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#user  nobody;

worker_processes  2;				#主进程数

events {

    use epoll;						# 使用epoll I/O模型

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    server_tokens off;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  45;

    server {

	    listen	80;

	    server_name	x.x.x.x;

	    charset 	utf-8;

            client_max_body_size 32M;

	    location /static {

		alias /data/task/xuptlib/staticfile;	#静态文件位置，自己需要使用django来collect静态文件

	    }

	    location / {							# 注意使用scoket，免去TCP的连接消耗

		uwsgi_pass unix:///data/task/xuptlib/bookhelper.sock;

		include uwsgi_params;					# 在配置文件conf中

	    }

    }   

}

配置完成:

nginx -t

nginx

2. django的部署

2.1 关闭django的debug

DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']		# 注意允许的主机不要忘写了, 否则HTTP400会来

# 顺带提一下可以关闭url中admin后台管理

2.2 配置静态文件收集

# 刚才有在nginx配置文件中提到哦！！

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "staticfile/")

# 收集

python manage.py collectstatic

3. uwsgi

可以理解uwsgi在django和nginx搭了桥. 身份有点像Tomcat

配置文件/或者直接用命令

cat /etc/uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]

chdir = /data/task/xuptlib						#项目父目录

module = bookhelper.wsgi						#项目下的wsgi文件位置

socket = /data/task/xuptlib/bookhelper.sock		# socket 文件位置，和nginx配置文件中的一样哦！！

chmod = 666										# socket 权限，  不够的话，会permission denied

master = true

processes = 3									#　起的三个子进程数

vacuum = true 									# 退出清理环境

pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi.pid

daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log					# 日志位置

uwsgi启动脚本

[root@rikewang xuptlib]# cat /etc/init.d/uwsgi

#! /bin/sh

PATH="/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv/shims:/root/.pyenv/shims:/root/.pyenv/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

NAME=uwsgi

EXEC=uwsgi

CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini

PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid

SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

do_start() {

	$EXEC $CONFIGFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi already running"

}

do_stop() {

	$EXEC --stop $PIDFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi not running"

	rm -f $PIDFILE

}

do_reload() {

	$EXEC --reload $PIDFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"

}

do_status() {

	ps aux|grep $EXEC

}

case "$1" in

	status)

		echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"

		do_status

	;;

	start)

		echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"

		do_start

	;;

	stop)

		echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"

		do_stop

	;;

	reload|graceful)

		echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"

		do_reload

	;;

	*)

		echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2

		exit 3

	;;

esac

exit 0

在回顾一下流程: