Django框架（上传Excel文件并读取）

　　博主今天整理下Django框架中上传Excel文件并读取

博主是要在管理平台中新增用例的维护功能，想着通过上传Excel文件来展示用例，下面是项目的路径图：

首先先建数据库模型

model.py

可以根据上传的日期区分目录

 # 用例文件
 class CaseFile(models.Model):
     case_class = models.ForeignKey(CaseClass)
     file_name = models.FileField(upload_to='case/%Y/%m/%d/', verbose_name=u"文件名称")

     # 不注释会报错
     # def __str__(self):
     #     return self.file_name

     # 定义表名称
     class Meta:
         verbose_name = "用例文件管理"
         verbose_name_plural = "用例文件管理"

第二步

settings.py

配置文件上传路径

 # 文件上传配置
 MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'upload/')
 MEDIA_URL = '/upload/'

第三步

新建excel.py

根据excel的数据来提取自己需要的转化成json格式，再组成数组

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

 import xlrd
 from MyPlatform.settings import MEDIA_ROOT

 class ExcelImport:
     def __init__(self, file_name, version):
         # self.file_name = unicode(file_name, "utf-8")
         # 文件路径修改
         self.file_name = (MEDIA_ROOT + str(file_name)).replace("/", "\\").decode("utf-8")
         # print self.file_name
         self.workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_name)
         self.table = self.workbook.sheets()[0]
         # 获取总行数
         self.nrows = self.table.nrows

         # 版本号
         self.version = version

         self.cases = []

     def get_cases(self):
         # 从第二行开始
         for x in range(1, self.nrows):
             row = self.table.row_values(x)
             self.cases.append(
                 {
                     "case_class": row[3],
                     "name": row[4],
                     "code": row[0],
                     "level": row[5],
                     "condition": row[6],
                     "step": row[7],
                     "expected_result": row[9],
                     "version": self.version
                 }
             )

第四步

forms.py

表单中新建文件表单

 # 文件上传表单
 class FileForm(forms.Form):
     file_name = forms.FileField(label=u"用例文件")

第五步

views.py

完成上传的逻辑

 # 用例导入
 def case_excel_import(request, class_id):
     # 判断是否有session
     username = request.session.get("username")
     if username:
         # 如果有session 获取指定信息
         if request.method == "POST":
             ff = FileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
             # file_name = request.FILES.get('exampleInputFile')
             if ff.is_valid():
                 file_name = ff.cleaned_data["file_name"]

                 # 向数据库中新增用例文件数据
                 case_file = CaseFile()
                 case_file.case_class_id = int(class_id)
                 case_file.file_name = file_name
                 case_file.save()
                 # print case_file.file_name

                 # 返回上传成功
                 messages.add_message(request, messages.INFO, u"上传成功!")
                 try:
                     build_case_import(file_name=case_file.file_name)
                 except Exception, e:
                     messages.add_message(request, messages.INFO, u"用例导入出错:" + str(e))
                 return HttpResponseRedirect("/caseList/" + class_id, {"ff": ff})
             else:
                 ff = FileForm()
                 messages.add_message(request, messages.INFO, u"请选择文件!")
                 return HttpResponseRedirect("/caseList/" + class_id, {"ff": ff})
         else:
             ff = FileForm()
             return HttpResponseRedirect("/caseList/" + class_id, {"ff": ff})
     else:
         # 如果没有session,重定向到路由 /login/, 返回表单
         uf = UserForm(request.POST)
         # 重定向
         return HttpResponseRedirect("/login/", {"uf": uf})

导入成功后前端回显展示

前端代码：

博主使用的是模态框

 <div class="modal modal-default fade" id="modal-class">
         <div class="modal-dialog">
           <div class="modal-content">
             <div class="modal-header">
               <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
                 <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button>
               <h4 class="modal-title">上传用例文件</h4>
             </div>
             <div class="modal-body">
               <form class="form-group" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/caseExcelImport/{{ case_class_one.id }}">
                 {% csrf_token %}
                 {{ ff.as_p }}
                 <p class="help-block">请求确保文件格式正确 .</p>
                 <p class="help-block">用例模块文件可下载 .</p>
                 <a href="/download/template" class="btn btn-default">
                   <i class="fa fa-download"> 下载</i>
                 </a>
                 <p class="help-block">excel格式的文件 .</p>
                 <p class="help-block">文件中小模块一栏填入最终所属测试模块 .</p>
                 <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="上传"/>
                 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default pull-right" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
               </form>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>

列表展示代码：

 <div class="row">
         <div class="col-xs-12">
           <div class="box">
             <div class="box-header">
               <h3 class="box-title">用例模块：{{ case_class_one.name }}</h3>
             </div>
             <!-- /.box-header -->
             <div class="box-body">
               <p>
                 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-class" data-id="{{ case_class_one.id }}">
                   <i class="fa fa-caret-square-o-right"> 导入</i>
                 </button>
               </p>
               <table id="testcase" class="table table-bordered table-striped">
                 <thead>
                 <tr>
                   <th>用例编号</th>
                   <th>用例名称</th>
                   <th>用例等级</th>
                   <th>期望结果</th>
                   <th>操作按钮</th>
                 </tr>
                 </thead>
                 <tbody>
                 {% for case in cases %}
                 <tr>
                   <td>{{ case.code }}</td>
                   <td>{{ case.name }}</td>
                   <td>Level {{ case.level }}</td>
                   <td>{{ case.expected_result }}</td>
                   <td>
                     <a href="/caseInfo/{{ case_class_one.id }}/{{ case.case_id }}" >
                       <i class="fa fa-folder-open"> 查看</i>
                     </a>
                   </td>
                 </tr>
                 {% endfor %}
                 </tbody>
               </table>
             </div>
             <!-- /.box-body -->
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>

前端效果：