selenium怎么操作web页面常见的元素

总结一下selenium怎么操作web页面常见的元素。

主要有：

• 上传
• alter dialog
• prompt dialog
• confirm dialog
• select list
• radio box
• input box
• checkBox

测试页面如下：

selenium 最核心的技巧是WebElement的识别和定位

selenium总共有八种定位方法 

1. By.id()  通过id定位
2. By.name()  通过name 定位
3. By.xpath() 通过xpath定位
4. By.className() 通过className定位
5. By.cssSelector() 通过CSS 定位
6. By.linkText() 通过linkText
7. By.tagName() 通过tagName
8. By.partialLinkText() 通过匹到的部分linkText

目前，使用比较多的是cssSelector和xpath，因为一个页面中Id name className tagName LinkText等比较容易重复 不容易 确定唯一

接下来会有具体的例子来演示如何定位　

---

上传文件

一般，上传页面如果是input，像这样的，可以使用sendkeys

首先，这里使用xpath定位到该元素，然后使用sendKeys即可，sendKeys send你要上传的文件的绝对路径

1 //td/input[@type='file']

也可以使用cssSelector，关于xpath和cssSelector更多知识，以后会做一些专题

1 td>input[type='file']

如何验证你写的xptah/cssSelector是正确的呢？

有以下几种方法：

• F12 ,使用浏览器的console  ，xpath使用$x()  function，css使用    $() function                                                          
• 使用第三方插件firebug
• 使用selenium IDE

---

alert对话框

 细分三种，Alert，prompt，confirm

 Selenium有以下方法：

     

 Alert alert =driver.switchTo().alert();

1. driver.switchTo().alert();  获取alert

2. alert.accept(); 点确定

3. alert.dismiss(); 点取消

4. alert.getText();获取alert的内容

 

    

---

select菜单

    select也是比较常见的，selenium封装了以下方法

创建select

WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
Select select = new Select(selector);

选择select的option有以下三种方法

• selectByIndex(int index) 通过index
• selectByVisibleText(String text) 通过匹配到的可见字符
• selectByValue(String value) 通过匹配到标签里的value

WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
        Select select = new Select(selector);
        select.selectByIndex(3);
        select.selectByVisibleText("桃子");
        select.selectByValue("apple");

---

输入框

输入框就比较简单了，不再多说

sendKeys()输入内容

clear()  清空

---

单选框（RadioBox）

单选框可以有获取状态，是否被选中

radioBox.isSelected();

是否enable

radioBox.isEnabled()

使用click方法选中

---

复选框（checkBox）

复选框和单选框基本差不多，此处略

---

超链接

超链接比较常见，一般都是标签a

<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/" >Copyright 2015 to be crazy </a>

一般使用click方法

这里我们了解一下浏览器打开超链接时，如果是chrome，点超链接的同时按下Ctrl会打开新标签，按下shift会打开新窗口

这里单讲一下不同窗口切换.

selenium有两个关于获取窗口的方法：

1. driver.getWindowHandle();  返回的是字符串，获取当前窗口的句柄

2. driver.getWindowHandles(); 返回的是 Set<String> ，获取所有窗口

如果你想在窗口之间切换

driver.switchTo().window(window);

---

小技巧： 如何滚动到你定位的元素

这里使用java script

// scroll to mylink
        JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink);

接下来是所有测试代码：

package DriverTest;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import org.testng.Assert;

/**
 * 出来web基本元素
 *
 * @author nancy
 *
 */
public class TestDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String URL = "file:///F:/workspace/SeleniumTest/demo.html";
        String chromdriver="BrowserDriver/chromedriver.exe";
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chromdriver);
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
//        options.addExtensions(new File(""));
        DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
        capabilities.setCapability("chrome.switches",
                Arrays.asList("--start-maximized"));
        options.addArguments("--test-type", "--start-maximized");
        WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(options);

driver.get(URL);
        // max size the browser
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By
                .xpath("//td/input[@type='file']"));
        upload.sendKeys("F:/workspace/SeleniumTest/demo.html");
        Assert.assertTrue(upload.getAttribute("value").contains("demo"));
        // for alert
        WebElement clickOnAlert = driver.findElement(By
                .xpath("//td/input[@name='alterbutton']"));
        clickOnAlert.click();
        delay(2);
        // get alert
        Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertTrue(alert.getText().contains("alert"));
        // click alert ok
        alert.accept();

delay(2);
        // for prompt
        WebElement clickOnPrompt = driver.findElement(By
                .xpath("//td/input[@name='promptbutton']"));
        clickOnPrompt.click();
        delay(2);
        Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();

prompt.sendKeys("I love Selenium");
        prompt.accept();
        delay(5);
        Alert afterAccept = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertTrue(afterAccept.getText().contains("I love Selenium"));
        // click alert ok
        afterAccept.accept();
        delay(2);
        // for confirm
        WebElement clickOnConfirm = driver.findElement(By
                .xpath("//td/input[@name='confirmbutton']"));
        clickOnConfirm.click();
        delay(2);
        Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();
        confirm.dismiss();
        delay(2);
        Alert afterDismiss = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertTrue(afterDismiss.getText().contains("You pressed Cancel"));
        delay(2);
        afterDismiss.accept();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
        Select select = new Select(selector);
        select.selectByIndex(3);
        select.selectByVisibleText("桃子");
        select.selectByValue("apple");

System.out.println(select.getAllSelectedOptions().toString());
        delay(2);
        WebElement showSelectResult = driver.findElement(By
                .name("showSelectResult"));
        showSelectResult.click();
        delay(2);
        Alert yourSelect = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertTrue(yourSelect.getText().contains("苹果"));

delay(2);
        yourSelect.accept();

// input box
        WebElement editBox = driver.findElement(By
                .xpath("//td/input[@id='edit']"));
        editBox.sendKeys("Selenium is good");
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By
                .xpath("//input[@type='button' and @name='submit']"));
        submitButton.click();
        delay(2);
        Alert submitAlert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertEquals(submitAlert.getText(), "Selenium is good");
        submitAlert.accept();
        delay(2);

// for radio Box

WebElement duRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
                .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Baidu"));
        WebElement aLiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
                .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Alibaba"));
        WebElement TXRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
                .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Tencent"));
        WebElement MiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
                .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Mi"));
        delay(2);
        Assert.assertTrue(TXRadioBox.isSelected());
        Assert.assertTrue(!MiRadioBox.isEnabled());
        delay(2);
        duRadioBox.click();
        Assert.assertTrue(duRadioBox.isSelected());
        delay(2);

aLiRadioBox.click();
        Assert.assertTrue(aLiRadioBox.isSelected());
        delay(2);

// for checkBox

List<WebElement> webCheckBox = driver.findElements(By
                .xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']"));

for (WebElement e : webCheckBox) {
            e.click();
            Assert.assertTrue(e.isSelected());
            delay(2);
        }

// for links
        String defaultWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
        WebElement myLink = driver.findElement(By
                .linkText("Copyright 2015 to be crazy"));
        delay(3);
        // scroll to mylink
        JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink);
        // open link in a new windows press shift when you click
        delay(2);
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
        actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(myLink).perform();

delay(3);
        Set<String> currentWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
        System.out.println(currentWindows.size());
        for (String window : currentWindows) {
            if (!window.endsWith(defaultWindow)) {
                driver = driver.switchTo().window(window);
                driver.manage().timeouts()
                        .pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                break;
            }
        }

Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("tobecrazy"));
        delay(10);

driver.quit();
    }

/**
     * @author Young
     * @param seconds
     */
    public static void delay(int seconds) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

demo.html代码：

<html>
  <head>
    <title>selenium处理基本页面元素</title>
<style type="text/css">
    table{font-size:26;text-align:center;width:80%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:auto}    
    table th{background: #aff}
    .display{color:red}
    .widgetStyle{text-align:left;padding-left:100px}    
</style>
     <script language= "javascript" type="text/javascript">
            function clickbutton(flag)
            {
                if (flag == 1) alert("测试alert对话框");
                if (flag == 2)
        {
            var name=prompt("测试prompt对话框","");
                  if (name!=null && name!="")
                    {
                        //document.write(name);
                    alert(name);
                    }    
        }
                if (flag == 3)
        {
                var r=confirm('测试confirm对话框', '测试confirm对话框?',"测试结果：")
                  if (r==true)
                    {
                        //document.write("You pressed OK!")
                    alert("You pressed OK!");
                    }
                  else
                    {
                        //document.write("You pressed Cancel!")

alert("You pressed Cancel!");
                    }
        }
        if (flag == 4)
             
            alert(document.getElementById("edit").value);

}

function getOptions()
          {
              var x=document.getElementById("Selector");
              var y=x.options[x.selectedIndex].text
              // document.write(y);
            alert(y);
          }
        </script>
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <center>
    </br>
    <div>
    <p>
     
    <div class="text" style="font-size:36;text-align:center"><b>seleniun处理基本元素</b></div>
    </p>
        <hr>
        </div>
    <p>
        <table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="2">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th width=20% class="widgetleft">测试内容</th>
                <th width=80% class="widgetStyle">页面基本元素</th>                
            </tr>
        </thead>
            
        
            <tr>
                <td>文件上传</td>
                <td><input type="file" name="attach[]"  /></td>
            </tr>
            
            <tr>
                <td>alter对话框</td>
                <td>
                    <input type="button" name="alterbutton" value="测试alter对话框"  onclick = "clickbutton(1);" />
                </td>
            </tr>
            
            <tr>
                <td>prompt对话框</td>
                <td>
                    <input type="button" name="promptbutton" value="测试prompt对话框"  onclick = "clickbutton(2);" />
                </td>
            </tr>
            
            <tr>
                <td>confirm对话框</td>
                <td>
                    <input type="button" name="confirmbutton" value="测试confirm对话框"  onclick = "clickbutton(3);" />
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>select菜单</td>
                <td>
                <select id="Selector">
                    <option value="apple" index="1" >苹果</option>
                    <option value="peach"  index="2" >桃子</option>
                    <option value="banana" index="3" >香蕉</option>
                    <option value="orange"  index="4">桔子</option>
                    <option value="grape"  index="5">葡萄</option>
                    <option value="mango"  index="6">芒果</option>
        </select>
            <br /><br />
            <input type="button" id="showSelectResult" name="showSelectResult" onclick="getOptions()" value="选择结果">
                </td>
            </tr>

<tr>
                <td>文本框</td>
                <td>
                    <input type="text" name="edit" id="edit" value="" />
            <input type="button" name="submit" value="submit"  onclick = "clickbutton(4);"/>
                </td>
            </tr>

<tr>
        <td>RadioBox</td>
        <td class="widgetStyle">
        <label>
        Which is your favourite company?
        </label>
        <div id='radio'  >
        <input type='radio' name="company" class='Baidu'/>
            <span class="pip"></span>
            <label>百度</label>
        </br>
        <input type='radio' name="company" class='AliBaBa'/>
            <span class="pip"></span>
            <label>阿里巴巴</label></br>
        <input type='radio' name="company" class='Tencent' checked/>
            <span class="pip"></span>
            <label>腾讯</label></br>
        <input type='radio' name="company" class='Mi' disabled="true"/>
            <span class="pip"></span>
            <label>小米</label>
         </td>                        
         </tr>

<tr>
         <td>CheckBox</td>
        <td class="widgetStyle">
        <label>
        In which way do you know about Selenium
        <label>
        <div id='checkbox'>
        <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox1" id="web"/><label>网络</label></br>
        <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" id="training"/><label>培训</label></br>
        <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox3" id="friend"/><label>朋友介绍</label></br>
        <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox4" id="other" /><label>其他方式</label>
        </div>
        </td>                        
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Select Links</td>
    <td>
    <div class="links">
               <select name="jumpMenu" id="jumpMenu" onchange="window.open(this.value)">
                <option selected="selected">市县教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.zzjy.gov.cn/" >郑州市教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.kfedu.com.cn/" >开封教育网</option>
                <option value="http://www.lyenet.org/" >洛阳市教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.pdsedu.gov.cn/" >平顶山教育网</option>
                <option value="http://www.anyangedu.com/" >安阳教育信息网</option>
                <option value="http://www.hnhbedu.net/" >鹤壁教育信息网</option>
                <option value="http://www.xxjy.gov.cn/" >新乡市教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.jzedu.cn/" >焦作市教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.xcsjyw.com/" >许昌教育网</option>
                <option value="http://www.lhjy.net/" >漯河教育网</option>
                <option value="http://www.smxjy.cn/" >三门峡教育信息港</option>
                <option value="http://www.sqedu.gov.cn/" >商丘市教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.zkedu.gov.cn/" >周口市教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.zmdedu.net/" >驻马店教育局 </option>
                <option value="http://www.nyedu.net/" >南阳教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.xinyangedu.gov.cn/" >信阳市教育局</option>
                <option value="http://www.jyedu.org/" >济源教育网</option>
              </select>
    </div>
    </td>
    </tr>
            </table>

</p>
    <p>
        <label for="edit">请注明出处</label>
        </br>
        <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/" >Copyright 2015 to be crazy </a>
    </p>
    
        </center>
    </body>
</html>