bzoj2243 树链剖分

https://www.lydsy.com/JudgeOnline/problem.php?id=2243

新学的树剖，在维护的时候线段树维护区间内颜色数量以及左右两端的颜色。统计的时候区间合并时判断中间的合并点颜色是否相等，相等则ans -1

在计算答案的时候不同的链上两端跳的过程中也要注意color[top[u]]和color[fa[top[u]]]是否相等，相等则ans--

#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <ctime>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
inline int read(){int now=;register char c=getchar();for(;!isdigit(c);c=getchar());
for(;isdigit(c);now=now*+c-'',c=getchar());return now;}
#define For(i, x, y) for(int i=x;i<=y;i++)
#define _For(i, x, y) for(int i=x;i>=y;i--)
#define Mem(f, x) memset(f,x,sizeof(f))
#define Sca(x) scanf("%d", &x)
#define Sca2(x,y) scanf("%d%d",&x,&y)
#define Sca3(x,y,z) scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z)
#define Scl(x) scanf("%lld",&x);
#define Pri(x) printf("%d\n", x)
#define Prl(x) printf("%lld\n",x);
#define CLR(u) for(int i=0;i<=N;i++)u[i].clear();
#define LL long long
#define ULL unsigned long long
#define mp make_pair
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define PIL pair<int,long long>
#define PLL pair<long long,long long>
#define pb push_back
#define fi first
#define se second
typedef vector<int> VI;
const double eps = 1e-;
const int maxn = 1e5 + ;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int mod = 1e9 + ;
int N,M,K;
int head[maxn],tot;
struct Edge{
    int to,next;
}edge[maxn * ];
void init(){
    for(int i = ; i <= N ; i ++) head[i] = -;
    tot = ;
}
void add(int u,int v){
    edge[tot].to = v;
    edge[tot].next = head[u];
    head[u] = tot++;
}
//树的信息
int dep[maxn],hson[maxn],fa[maxn],Size[maxn],color[maxn],Index[maxn],top[maxn];
int nw[maxn];
void dfs1(int t,int la){
    Size[t] = ;
    hson[t] = ; int MAX = ;
    for(int i = head[t]; ~i; i = edge[i].next){
        int v = edge[i].to;
        if(v == la) continue;
        dep[v] = dep[t] + ; fa[v] = t;
        dfs1(v,t);
        Size[t] += Size[v];
        if(Size[v] > MAX){
            MAX = Size[v];
            hson[t] = v;
        }
    }
}
int cnt = ;
void dfs2(int t,int la){
    top[t] = la;
    Index[t] = ++cnt;
    nw[cnt] = color[t];
    if(hson[t]) dfs2(hson[t],la);
    for(int i = head[t]; ~i; i = edge[i].next){
        int v = edge[i].to;
        if(v == hson[t] || v == fa[t]) continue;
        dfs2(v,v);
    }
}
//线段树
struct Tree{
    int l,r;
    int sum;
    int lazy;
    int lc,rc;
}tree[maxn << ];
void Pushup(int t){
    tree[t].sum = tree[t << ].sum + tree[t <<  | ].sum;
    tree[t].lc = tree[t << ].lc; tree[t].rc = tree[t <<  | ].rc;
    if(tree[t << ].rc == tree[t <<  | ].lc) tree[t].sum--;
}
void Build(int t,int l,int r){
    tree[t].lazy = ;
    tree[t].l = l; tree[t].r = r;
    if(tree[t].l == tree[t].r){
        tree[t].sum = ;
        tree[t].lc = tree[t].rc = nw[l];
        return;
    }
    int m = (l + r) >> ;
    Build(t << ,l,m); Build(t <<  | ,m + ,r);
    Pushup(t);
}
void Pushdown(int t){
    if(tree[t].lazy){
        tree[t << ].lazy = tree[t <<  | ].lazy = tree[t].lazy;
        tree[t << ].sum = tree[t <<  | ].sum = ;
        tree[t << ].lc = tree[t <<  | ].lc = tree[t].lazy;
        tree[t << ].rc = tree[t <<  | ].rc = tree[t].lazy;
        tree[t].lazy = ;
    }
}
void update(int t,int l,int r,int c){
    if(l <= tree[t].l && tree[t].r <= r){
        tree[t].lazy = c;
        tree[t].sum = ;
        tree[t].lc = tree[t].rc = c;
        return;
    }
    Pushdown(t);
    int m = (tree[t].l + tree[t].r) >> ;
    if(r <= m) update(t << ,l,r,c);
    else if(l > m) update(t <<  | ,l,r,c);
    else{
        update(t << ,l,m,c);
        update(t <<  | ,m + ,r,c);
    }
    Pushup(t);
}
int query(int t,int l,int r){
    if(l <= tree[t].l && tree[t].r <= r) return tree[t].sum;
    Pushdown(t);
    int ans = ;
    int m = (tree[t].l + tree[t].r) >> ;
    if(r <= m) ans = query(t << ,l,r);
    else if(l > m) ans = query(t <<  | ,l,r);
    else{
        ans = query(t << ,l,m) + query(t <<  | ,m + ,r);
        if(tree[t << ].rc == tree[t <<  | ].lc) ans--;
    }
    Pushup(t);
    return ans;
}
int query(int t,int p){
    if(tree[t].sum == ) return tree[t].lc;
    int m = (tree[t].l + tree[t].r) >> ;
    if(p <= m) return query(t << ,p);
    else if(p > m) return query(t <<  | ,p);
}
//树链剖分
void update(int u,int v,int c){
    while(top[u] != top[v]){
        if(dep[top[u]] < dep[top[v]]) swap(u,v);
        update(,Index[top[u]],Index[u],c);
        u = fa[top[u]];
    }
    if(dep[u] > dep[v]) swap(u,v);
    update(,Index[u],Index[v],c);
}
int Query(int u,int v){
    int ans = ;
    int la = ;
    while(top[u] != top[v]){
        if(dep[top[u]] < dep[top[v]]) swap(u,v);
        ans += query(,Index[top[u]],Index[u]);
        if(query(,Index[fa[top[u]]]) == query(,Index[top[u]])) ans--;
        u = fa[top[u]];
    }
    if(dep[u] > dep[v]) swap(u,v);
    ans += query(,Index[u],Index[v]);
    return ans;
}
int main(){
    Sca2(N,M); init();
    for(int i = ; i <= N ; i ++) color[i] = read();;
    for(int i = ; i < N ; i ++){
        int u = read(),v = read();
        add(u,v); add(v,u);
    }
    int root = N; dep[root] = ;
    dfs1(root,-); cnt = ; dfs2(root,root);
    Build(,,N);
    while(M--){
        char op[]; int a,b,c;
        scanf("%s",op); a = read(); b = read();
        if(op[] == 'C'){
            c = read(); update(a,b,c);
        }else{
            Pri(Query(a,b));
        }
    }
    return ;
}