postgresql-12编译安装

1 准备环境

修改yum源

mkdir -p /etc/yum.bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.bak/ &&\
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo &&\
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo &&\
yum clean all &&\
yum makecache 

安装基础安装包
yum install -y readline-devel zlib-devel make gcc

创建组和用户

groupadd postgres
useradd -g postgres -G postgres -d /home/postgresql postgres

将安装包放在/opt 路径中并解压
tar xf /opt/postgresql-12.0.tar.gz -C /home/postgresql/postgresql-12.0

2 编译安装

编译

cd /home/postgresql/postgresql-12.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/share/postgresql-12
make && make install

配置环境变量

echo 'export PGHOME=/usr/share/postgresql-12/
export PGDATA=/data/pgsql-12
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export LANG=en_US.utf8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH'>>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile

3 初始化数据

创建数据目录并授权

mkdir -p /data/pgsql-12
chown -R postgres:postgres /data/pgsql-12
chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/share/postgresql-12

初始化

su - postgres
initdb -E utf8 -D $PGDATA

4 配置数据库

切换到root下操作

配置连接方式

echo -e "listen_addresses = '*'\nmax_connections = 100">>/data/pgsql-12/postgresql.conf

配置连接网段
echo 'host all all 0.0.0.0 md5'>>/data/pgsql-12/pg_hba.conf

pg配置文件认证方法

认证方法（authentication method）
trust       无条件地允许联接，这个方法允许任何可以与PostgreSQL 数据库联接的用户以他们期望的任意 PostgreSQL 数据库用户身份进行联接，而不需要口令。
reject      联接无条件拒绝，常用于从一个组中"过滤"某些主机。
md5         要求客户端提供一个 MD5 加密的口令进行认证，这个方法是允许加密口令存储在pg_shadow里的唯一的一个方法。
password    和"md5"一样，但是口令是以明文形式在网络上传递的，我们不应该在不安全的网络上使用这个方式。
gss         使用GSSAPI认证用户，这只适用于 TCP/IP 连接。
sspi        使用SSPI认证用户，这只适用于 Windows 连接。
peer        获取客户端的操作系统的用户名并判断他是否匹配请求的数据库名，这只适用于本地连接。
ldap        使用LDAP服务进行验证。
radius      使用RADIUS服务进行验证。
cert        使用SSL服务进行验证。
pam         使用操作系统提供的可插入的认证模块服务 （Pluggable Authentication Modules）（PAM）来认证。

修改配置启动脚本

启动pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql-12/ -l logfile start
cp /home/postgresql/postgresql-12.0/contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql-12
chmod 777 /etc/init.d/postgresql-12
sed -i '/prefix=/s#prefix=.*#prefix=/usr/share/postgresql-12#' /etc/init.d/postgresql-12
sed -i 's#PGDATA=.*#PGDATA=/data/pgsql-12#' /etc/init.d/postgresql-12

设置开机自启动

chmod 777 /etc/rc.d/rc/local
echo '/etc/init.d/postgresql-12 stop
/etc/init.d/postgresql-12 start'>>/etc/rc.d/rc/local

启动检查

/etc/init.d/postgresql-12 start
ps -ef|grep post

修改密码
alter user postgres with password '123456';

5 编译可选参数

[root@ab416a5bed3f postgresql-10.0]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures PostgreSQL 10.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking ...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [/usr/local/pgsql]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, `make install` will install all the files in
/usr/local/pgsql/bin,  /usr/local/pgsql/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/pgsql' using --prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
  --bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
  --sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
  --libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
  --sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
  --sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
  --localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
  --libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
  --includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]
  --oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
  --datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
  --datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
  --infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
  --localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
  --mandir=DIR            man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
  --docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/postgresql]
  --htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]
  --dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
  --pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
  --psdir=DIR             ps documentation [DOCDIR]

System types:
  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

Optional Features:
  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
  --disable-integer-datetimes
                          obsolete option, no longer supported
  --enable-nls[=LANGUAGES]
                          enable Native Language Support
  --disable-rpath         do not embed shared library search path in
                          executables
  --disable-spinlocks     do not use spinlocks
  --disable-atomics       do not use atomic operations
  --disable-strong-random do not use a strong random number source
  --enable-debug          build with debugging symbols (-g)
  --enable-profiling      build with profiling enabled
  --enable-coverage       build with coverage testing instrumentation
  --enable-dtrace         build with DTrace support
  --enable-tap-tests      enable TAP tests (requires Perl and IPC::Run)
  --enable-depend         turn on automatic dependency tracking
  --enable-cassert        enable assertion checks (for debugging)
  --disable-thread-safety disable thread-safety in client libraries
  --disable-largefile     omit support for large files
  --disable-float4-byval  disable float4 passed by value
  --disable-float8-byval  disable float8 passed by value

Optional Packages:
  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
  --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
  --with-extra-version=STRING
                          append STRING to version
  --with-template=NAME    override operating system template
  --with-includes=DIRS    look for additional header files in DIRS
  --with-libraries=DIRS   look for additional libraries in DIRS
  --with-libs=DIRS        alternative spelling of --with-libraries
  --with-pgport=PORTNUM   set default port number [5432]
  --with-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
                          set table block size in kB [8]
  --with-segsize=SEGSIZE  set table segment size in GB [1]
  --with-wal-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
                          set WAL block size in kB [8]
  --with-wal-segsize=SEGSIZE
                          set WAL segment size in MB [16]
  --with-CC=CMD           set compiler (deprecated)
  --with-icu              build with ICU support
  --with-tcl              build Tcl modules (PL/Tcl)
  --with-tclconfig=DIR    tclConfig.sh is in DIR
  --with-perl             build Perl modules (PL/Perl)
  --with-python           build Python modules (PL/Python)
  --with-gssapi           build with GSSAPI support
  --with-krb-srvnam=NAME  default service principal name in Kerberos (GSSAPI)
                          [postgres]
  --with-pam              build with PAM support
  --with-bsd-auth         build with BSD Authentication support
  --with-ldap             build with LDAP support
  --with-bonjour          build with Bonjour support
  --with-openssl          build with OpenSSL support
  --with-selinux          build with SELinux support
  --with-systemd          build with systemd support
  --without-readline      do not use GNU Readline nor BSD Libedit for editing
  --with-libedit-preferred
                          prefer BSD Libedit over GNU Readline
  --with-uuid=LIB         build contrib/uuid-ossp using LIB (bsd,e2fs,ossp)
  --with-ossp-uuid        obsolete spelling of --with-uuid=ossp
  --with-libxml           build with XML support
  --with-libxslt          use XSLT support when building contrib/xml2
  --with-system-tzdata=DIR
                          use system time zone data in DIR
  --without-zlib          do not use Zlib
  --with-gnu-ld           assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]

Some influential environment variables:
  CC          C compiler command
  CFLAGS      C compiler flags
  LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
              nonstandard directory <lib dir>
  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
  CPPFLAGS    (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
              you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
  CPP         C preprocessor
  PKG_CONFIG  path to pkg-config utility
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH
              directories to add to pkg-config's search path
  PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
              path overriding pkg-config's built-in search path
  ICU_CFLAGS  C compiler flags for ICU, overriding pkg-config
  ICU_LIBS    linker flags for ICU, overriding pkg-config
  LDFLAGS_EX  extra linker flags for linking executables only
  LDFLAGS_SL  extra linker flags for linking shared libraries only

Use these variables to override the choices made by ’configure or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.

6报错解决

6.1 configure: error: readline library not found

缺少readline-devel包

解决:
方法1 安装readline-devel包
yum install readline-devel -y
方法2 编译时加上--without-readline关闭该选项

6.2 解决外网无法访问

修改data目录下的pg_hba.conf，添加如下配置

host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0              trust

6.3 修改登陆密码

用客户端软件在空密码的情况下登陆后执行

ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'new pwd';

并修改6.2的trust为md5开启认证模式

转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/wzstudy/p/11793814.html