linux diff(differential) 命令

功能说明：比较文件的差异。

语法：diff [OPTION]... FILES

实例：

diff -ur temp1 temp2

diff -ur temp1 temp2 > temp.diff

option详细：

--normal	output a normal diff (This is the default).
-q, --brief	report only when files differ.
-s, --report-identical-files	report when two files are the same.
-c, -C NUM, --context[=NUM]	output NUM (default 3) lines of copied context.
-u, -U NUM, --unified[=NUM]	output NUM (default 3) lines of unified context.
-e, --ed	output an ed script.
-n, --rcs	output an RCS-format diff.
-y, --side-by-side	output in two columns.
-W, --width=NUM	output at most NUM (default 130) print columns.
--left-column	output only the left column of common lines.
--suppress-common-lines	do not output common lines.
-p, --show-c-function	show which C function each change is in.
-F, --show-function-line=RE	show the most recent line matching RE.
--label LABEL	use LABEL instead of file name (this option can be repeated).
-t, --expand-tabs	expand tabs to spaces in output.
-T, --initial-tab	make tabs line up by prepending a tab.
--tabsize=NUM	tab stops every NUM (default 8) print columns.
--suppress-blank-empty	suppress space or tab before empty output lines.
-l, --paginate	pass output through pr to paginate it
-r, --recursive	recursively compare any subdirectories found.
-N, --new-file	treat absent files as empty.
--unidirectional-new-file	treat absent first files as empty.
--ignore-file-name-case	ignore case when comparing file names.
--no-ignore-file-name-case	consider case when comparing file names.
-x, --exclude=PAT	exclude files that match PAT.
-X, --exclude-from=FILE	exclude files that match any pattern in FILE.
-S, --starting-file=FILE	start with FILE when comparing directories.
--from-file=FILE1	compare FILE1 to all operands; FILE1 can be a directory.
--to-file=FILE2	compare all operands to FILE2; FILE2 can be a directory.
-i, --ignore-case	ignore case differences in file contents.
-E, --ignore-tab-expansion	ignore changes due to tab expansion.
-b, --ignore-space-change	ignore changes in the amount of white space.
-w, --ignore-all-space	ignore all white space.
-B, --ignore-blank-lines	ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
-I, --ignore-matching-lines=RE	ignore changes whose lines all match RE.
-a, --text	treat all files as text.
--strip-trailing-cr	strip trailing carriage return on input.
-D, --ifdef=NAME	output merged file with `#ifdef NAME' diffs.
--GTYPE-group-format=GFMT	format GTYPE input groups with GFMT.
--line-format=LFMT	format all input lines with LFMT.
--LTYPE-line-format=LFMT	format LTYPE input lines with LFMT. These format options provide fine-grained control over the output of diff, generalizing -D/--ifdef. LTYPE is 'old', 'new', or 'unchanged'. GTYPE is LTYPE or `changed'. GFMT (only) may contain: %<: lines from FILE1 %>: lines from FILE2 %=: lines common to FILE1 and FILE2. %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}LETTER: printf-style spec for LETTER LETTERs are as follows for new group, lower case for old group: F: first line number L: last line number N: number of lines = L-F+1 E: F-1 M: L+1 %(A=B?T:E) if A equals B then T else E LFMT (only) may contain: %L: contents of line %l: contents of line, excluding any trailing newline %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}n: printf-style spec for input line number Both GFMT and LFMT may contain: %%: A literal '%' %c'C': the single character C %c'\OOO': the character with octal code OOOC: the character C (other characters represent themselves)
-d, --minimal	try hard to find a smaller set of changes.
--horizon-lines=NUM	keep NUM lines of the common prefix and suffix.
--speed-large-files	assume large files and many scattered small changes.
--help	display a help message and exit.
-v, --version	output version information and exit.