Linux中磁盘分区、格式化、挂载等管理

1. 添加磁盘，查看磁盘状况

[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *                      +    Linux
/dev/sda2                             +    linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 

从结果看出，多了一个/dev/sdb的盘

2. 用fdisk 对/dev/sdb 进行分区

[root@db1 /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
p
Partition number (-):
First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (-, default ):
Using default value 

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

再次查看分区情况，多出来一个/dev/sdb1 的区，这个1是我们在前面指定的，如果我们指定2，就变成 sdb2了。

[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *                      +    Linux
/dev/sda2                             +    Linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1                             +    Linux
[root@db1 /]#
 

如果创建完之后，/proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe 命令刷新一下就可以了：

[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

           sda
             sda1
            sda2
             sda3
[root@web1 ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

           sda
             sda1
            sda2
             sda3
           sda4
[root@web1 ~]# 

3. 格式化 /dev/sdb1 分区

[root@db1 /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.35 (-Feb-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
 inodes,  blocks
 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
 block groups
 blocks per group,  fragments per group
 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        , , , , , , 

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every  mounts or
 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4. 创建目录 并将 /dev/sdb1 挂在到该目录下

[root@db1 /]# ls
backup  dev   initrd      media  opt   sbin     sys       usr
bin     etc   lib         misc   proc  selinux  tftpboot  var
boot    home  lost+found  mnt    root  srv      tmp
[root@db1 /]# mkdir /u01
[root@db1 /]# ls
backup  dev   initrd      media  opt   sbin     sys       u01
bin     etc   lib         misc   proc  selinux  tftpboot  usr
boot    home  lost+found  mnt    root  srv      tmp       var
[root@db1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01
 

5. 验证挂载是否成功

[root@db1 /]# df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1                      % /
none                                    % /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1                         % /backup

6. 设置开机自动挂载

[root@db1 /]# vi /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults
none                    /dev/pts                devpts  gid=,mode=
none                    /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults
none                    /proc                   proc    defaults
none                    /sys                    sysfs   defaults
LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults
/dev/sdb1               /u01                 ext3    defaults
/dev/hdc                /media/cdrom            auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged
/dev/fd0                /media/floppy           auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged  

本文摘自：http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5642883，感谢原作者分享。