刚刚把项目从Ant转到Maven，费了好多劲，主要是对Maven边用边学。问题主要集中在项目结构上不太一样，在程序的访问上也有区别，调试和打包等也和原来不太一样。终于折腾完一个可以正常运行的POM配置，记录一下，将遇到的问题也注释在了配置中，便于查阅。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.garfield.gserver</groupId>

    <artifactId>GServer</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>

            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>

            <version>2.0-beta9</version>

        </dependency>

        <!--

        ERROR Root contains an invalid element or attribute "AppenderRef"

        This is an error for 2.0-beta8, it is not present on 2.0-beta9

         -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>

            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>

            <version>2.0-beta9</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>

            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>

            <version>1.7.7</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>

            <artifactId>log4j-jcl</artifactId>

            <version>2.0-rc1</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>

            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>

            <version>2.0-rc1</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>

            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>

            <version>3.1</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>

            <version>4.3.5.Final</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>

            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>

            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>

            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>

            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- json-lib是需要区分jdk版本的，pom.xml中的配置应加上<classifier>标签，如用jdk15： -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>

            <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>

            <version>2.4</version>

            <classifier>jdk15</classifier>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>junit</groupId>

            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

            <version>4.11</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>

            <artifactId>sqljdbc4</artifactId>

            <version>4.0</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>

            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>

            <version>0.9.5-pre8</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>

            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>

            <version>1.9</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- maven打包编译的异常 ：sun.misc.BASE64Decoder 是 Sun 的专用 API，可能会在未来版本中删除的解决方法 -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>

            <artifactId>plexus-compiler-javac</artifactId>

            <version>1.8.1</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- maven工程 仓库没有的jar使用方法 <dependency> <groupId>cryptix</groupId> <artifactId>cryptix-jce-api</artifactId>

            <version>1.0</version> <scope>system</scope> <systemPath>${project.basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/cryptix-jce-api.jar</systemPath>

            </dependency> -->

        <!-- <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>

            <version>2.0-rc1</version> </dependency> -->

    </dependencies>

    <properties>

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    </properties>

    <build>

        <defaultGoal>compile</defaultGoal>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>3.1</version>

                <configuration>

                    <source>1.7</source>

                    <target>1.7</target>

                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>  <!-- “编码 GBK 的不可映射字符”问题的解决 -->

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>

                <configuration>

                    <includes>

                        <!--不写匹配默认规则,TestSuit结尾，test开头的方法  -->

                        <include>**/*TestSuit.java</include>   <!-- 两个星号**用来匹配任意路径，一个星号*用来获取除路径风格符外的0个或多个字符 -->

                    </includes>

                    <excludes>

                        <exclude>**/CollectionBillTestCase.java</exclude>

                        <exclude>**/PaymentBillTestCase.java</exclude>

                    </excludes>

                    <skip>false</skip>  <!-- 略过单元测试 -->

                    <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore> <!-- 当Maven 遇到一个测试失败，它默认的行为是停止当前的构建。 如果你希望继续构建项目，即使 Surefire 插件遇到了失败的单元测试，你就需要设置 Surefire 的testFailureIgnore 这个配置属性为 true -->

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

            <!-- 把依赖的jar包拷到lib目录下 -->

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <id>copy-dependencies</id>

                        <phase>package</phase>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>

                        </goals>

                        <configuration>

                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>

                            <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>

                            <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>

                            <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>

                        </configuration>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

            <!-- 把配置文件拷到和jar包同一个路径下 -->

            <!-- 以utf-8编码拷贝配置文件，拷贝过程中是可以做变量替换的，也就是说你的配置文件可以是个模板，里面的${}所包含的内容是可以拷贝过程中替换的 -->

            <!--

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>2.4</version>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <id>copy-resources</id>

                        <phase>package</phase>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>copy-resources</goal>

                        </goals>

                        <configuration>

                            <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>

                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>

                            <resources>

                                <resource>

                                    <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>

                                    <filtering>true</filtering>

                                </resource>

                            </resources>

                        </configuration>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

             -->

            <!-- 打jar包时需要把配置文件给排除在外 -->

            <!--

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>2.4</version>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <phase>package</phase>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>jar</goal>

                        </goals>

                        <configuration>

                            <archive>

                                <manifest>

                                    <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>

                                    <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>

                                    <mainClass>com.garfield.gui.Main</mainClass>

                                </manifest>

                            </archive>

                            <classifier>lib</classifier>

                        </configuration>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

              -->

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>2.4</version>

                <configuration>

                    <archive>

                        <manifest>

                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>  <!-- 在jar包中增加依赖jar路径说明 -->

                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>

                            <mainClass>com.garfield.gui.Main</mainClass>

                        </manifest>

                        <!-- 用maven在MANIFEST.MF资料中的Class-Path中增加当前目录(.)  -->

                        <manifestEntries>

                           <Class-Path>.</Class-Path>

                        </manifestEntries>

                    </archive>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

            <!--

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>2.2</version>

                <configuration>

                  <descriptors>

                    <descriptor>/assembly.xml</descriptor>

                  </descriptors>

                </configuration>

                <executions>

                  <execution>

                    <id>make-assembly</id>

                    <phase>package</phase>

                    <goals>

                      <goal>single</goal>

                    </goals>

                  </execution>

                </executions>

              </plugin>

             -->

        </plugins>

        <!-- POM文件报错maven-dependency-plugin (goals "copy-dependencies", "unpack") is not supported by m2e.，

        在</build>标签前添加如下内容  -->

        <pluginManagement>

            <plugins>

                <plugin>

                    <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>

                    <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>

                    <version>1.0.0</version>

                    <configuration>

                        <lifecycleMappingMetadata>

                            <pluginExecutions>

                                <pluginExecution>

                                    <pluginExecutionFilter>

                                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                                        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>

                                        <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>

                                        <goals>

                                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>

                                            <goal>unpack</goal>

                                        </goals>

                                    </pluginExecutionFilter>

                                    <action>

                                        <ignore />

                                    </action>

                                </pluginExecution>

                            </pluginExecutions>

                        </lifecycleMappingMetadata>

                    </configuration>

                </plugin>

            </plugins>

        </pluginManagement>

        <resources>

            <!--打包进XML等文件，排除java及版本控制文件  -->

            <resource>

                 <directory>src/main/java</directory>

                <excludes>

                     <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>

                     <exclude>**/.svn/*</exclude>

                 </excludes>

             </resource>

            <resource>

                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>

                <includes>

                    <include>**/*.*</include>

                    <include>**/*.*</include>

                </includes>

            </resource>

        </resources>

    </build>

</project>
如果使用assembly编译，则用到下面的assembly.xml:
<assembly>

    <id>bin</id>

    <formats>

        <format>zip</format>

    </formats>

    <includeBaseDirectory>true</includeBaseDirectory>

    <dependencySets>

        <dependencySet>

            <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>

            <scope>runtime</scope>

        </dependencySet>

    </dependencySets>

    <fileSets>

        <fileSet>

            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>

            <includes>

                <include>README.txt</include>

            </includes>

        </fileSet>

        <fileSet>

            <directory>src/main/java</directory>

            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>

            <includes>

                <include>hibernate.cfg.xml</include>

                <include>jserver.properties</include>

                <include>log4j.properties</include>

                <include>log4j2.xml</include>

            </includes>

        </fileSet>

    </fileSets>

</assembly>

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