Python基础笔记系列十二：requests模块的简单应用

　　本系列教程供个人学习笔记使用，如果您要浏览可能需要其它编程语言基础（如C语言），why?因为我写得烂啊，只有我自己看得懂！！

• httpbin

  httpbin这个网站能测试 HTTP 请求和响应的各种信息，
  比如 cookie、ip、headers 和登录验证等，且支持 GET、POST 等多种方法，
  对 web 开发和测试很有帮助。它用 Python + Flask 编写，是一个开源项目。
  官方网站：http://httpbin.org/
  开源地址：https://github.com/Runscope/httpbin

• get请求
  一、简单get请求数据

   import requests
   get_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/get'
   r = requests.get(get_url)  #发送get请求
   print r
   print help(r)
   print r.text  #接收的内容in bytes
   print r.content #接收的内容in unicode

  二、使用python抓去百度主页

   import requests
   r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
   print r.content
   #打开一个文件，并存入网页信息
   with open('baidu.html','w') as fil:
       fil.write(r.content)

  三、get传参

   #可以先通过help函数来查看下get方法的文档说明
   import requests
   # print help(requests.get)
   get_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/get'
   myparams={'qq':''}
   # r = requests.get(url=get_url,params=myparams)
   r = requests.get(get_url,myparams)
   print r.url #请求的url，拼接url和参数
   print r.content #返回的数据

• post请求
  一、发送请求体
  例子：

   import requests
   #先来查看下post方法的文档使用说明
   # print help(requests.post)
   #通过data来传参,相当于传的表单，在返回的数据中可以看出
   post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
   myData={'qq':'','cnblog':'hyyq'}
   r = requests.post(url = post_url,data = myData)
   print r.url #请求的url,请求体就是参数
   print r.content #返回的数据

  输出：

   http://www.httpbin.org/post
   {
     "args": {},
     "data": "",
     "files": {},
     "form": {
       "cnblog": "hyyq",
       "qq": "34782655"
     },
     "headers": {
       "Accept": "*/*",
       "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
       "Connection": "close",
       "Content-Length": "23",
       "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
       "Host": "www.httpbin.org",
       "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
     },
     "json": null,
     "origin": "183.230.42.10",
     "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
   }
  
   [Finished in 1.3s]

  二、发送json数据
  例子：

   import requests,json
   post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
   myData={'qq':'','cnblog':'hyyq'}
   r = requests.post(url = post_url,json = myData)
   # r = requests.post(url = post_url,data = json.dumps(myData))
   print r.url #请求的url，发送json数据
   print r.content #返回的数据

  输出：

   http://www.httpbin.org/post
   {
     "args": {},
     "data": "{\"qq\": \"34782655\", \"cnblog\": \"hyyq\"}",
     "files": {},
     "form": {},
     "headers": {
       "Accept": "*/*",
       "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
       "Connection": "close",
       "Content-Length": "36",
       "Content-Type": "application/json",
       "Host": "www.httpbin.org",
       "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
     },
     "json": {
       "cnblog": "hyyq",
       "qq": "34782655"
     },
     "origin": "183.230.42.10",
     "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
   }
  
   [Finished in 1.0s]

• 上传文件
  例子：

   #上传文件
   import requests
   # print help(requests)
   post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
   files = {'file':open('yyc.txt','rb')} #这里rb是以读的方式用二进制格式打开
   r = requests.post(post_url,files=files)
   print r.content

  输出：

   {
     "args": {},
     "data": "",
     "files": {
       "file": "data:application/octet-stream;base64,xOO6ww=="
     },
     "form": {},
     "headers": {
       "Accept": "*/*",
       "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
       "Connection": "close",
       "Content-Length": "147",
       "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=8bffc774646942deaa8a314f8675d879",
       "Host": "www.httpbin.org",
       "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
     },
     "json": null,
     "origin": "183.230.42.10",
     "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
   }
  
   [Finished in 1.0s]