Postfix 邮件服务器搭建

搭建服务环境： Centos 6

配置域名hosts： mail.demonC6.com

1.清理系统自带的邮件软件

# rpm -qa | grep sendmail*
# rpm -e sendmail* --nodeps

2. 安装postfix 和 dovecot 软件

postfix 是发送邮件服务器，可以将邮件发送到该服务器上， 监听端口为 25(SMTP)

dovecot 是接受邮件服务器， 可以到服务器上取回自己的邮件， 监听端口是 110(pop3)

yum -y install postfix*

3. 配置postfix

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

需要修改的配置如下几项，红色表示需要开启）， 蓝色表示需要注释关闭：

1)  更改邮件主机名和域名

 75 myhostname = mail.demonC6.com
  #myhostname = virtual.domain.tld

  # The mydomain parameter specifies the local internet domain name.
  # The default is to use $myhostname minus the first component.
  # $mydomain is used as a default value for many other configuration
  # parameters.
  #
 83 mydomain = demonC6.com

2)  修改组织

  # For the sake of consistency between sender and recipient addresses,
  # myorigin also specifies the default domain name that is appended
  # to recipient addresses that have no @domain part.
  #
 98 myorigin = $myhostname
 99 myorigin = $mydomain

3)  修改监听的地址

113 inet_interfaces = all
 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname
 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname, localhost
116 #inet_interfaces = localhost

4)  修改收件人

164 mydestination = $myhostname,$mydomain
 #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
 #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain,
 #   mail.$mydomain, www.$mydomain, ftp.$mydomain

5) 修改网卡所在的网段

264 mynetworks = 192.168.10.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8
 #mynetworks = $config_directory/mynetworks
 #mynetworks = hash:/etc/postfix/network_table

6)  修改转发的邮件域名

296 relay_domains = $mydestination

7)  修改postfix 邮件别名 （下面两项默认是开启的，不用动）

 #alias_maps = dbm:/etc/aliases
386 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
 #alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases
 #alias_maps = netinfo:/aliases

 # The alias_database parameter specifies the alias database(s) that
 # are built with "newaliases" or "sendmail -bi".  This is a separate
 # configuration parameter, because alias_maps (see above) may specify
 # tables that are not necessarily all under control by Postfix.
 #
 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/aliases
 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/mail/aliases
397 alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
 #alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/opt/majordomo/aliases

4 启动postfix服务，查看监听端口

# service postfix start

# netstat -anptu | grep :
tcp               0.0.0.0:                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      /sshd
tcp              192.168.10.129:           192.168.10.1:          ESTABLISHED /sshd
tcp               :::                       :::*                        LISTEN      /sshd

5 自我发邮件测试

[root@demon html]# echo  hello man | mail root@demonC6.com
[root@demon html]# mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 //.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/root":  message  new
>N   root                  Sat May  :  /
& 1
Message  :
From root@demonC6.com  Sat May  ::
Return-Path: <root@demonC6.com>
X-Original-To: root@demonC6.com
Delivered-To: root@demonC6.com
Date: Sat,  May  :: +
To: root@demonC6.com
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 //
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: root@demonC6.com (root)
Status: R

hello man
& d
& q

也可以通过telnet发邮件

[root@demon html]# telnet mail.demonC6.com 25
Trying 192.168.10.129...
Connected to mail.demonC6.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
 mail.demonC6.com ESMTP Postfix
mail from: root@demonC6.com
 2.1. Ok
rcpt to: root@demonC6.com
 2.1. Ok
data
 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Hello man, This is a test mail
.
 2.0. Ok: queued as EAECD44917
quit
 2.0. Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@demon html]# mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 //.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/root":  messages  new
>N   root@demonC6.com      Sat May  :  /
 N   root@demonC6.com      Sat May  :  /
& 2
Message  :
From root@demonC6.com  Sat May  ::
Return-Path: <root@demonC6.com>
X-Original-To: root@demonC6.com
Delivered-To: root@demonC6.com
Date: Sat,  May  :: + (CST)
From: root@demonC6.com
To: undisclosed-recipients:;
Status: R

Hello man, This is a test mail

& q
Held  messages in /var/spool/mail/root

6  配置 dovecot 并启动服务

# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

将下面这一行注释去掉，开启即可

 protocols = imap pop3 lmtp

启动pop3服务

# service dovecot start

# netstat -anptu  | grep
tcp               0.0.0.0:                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      /dovecot
tcp               :::                      :::*                        LISTEN      /dovecot

创建两个测试用户，测试相互收发邮件

# useradd user1 && echo  | passwd --stdin user1
# useradd user2 && echo  | passwd --stdin user2

user1 给 user2 发送邮件

# su - user1
$ echo "user1 ->  user2" | mail user2@demonC6.com
$ su user2
$ mail -u user2
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 //.  Type ? for help.
"/var/mail/user2":  message  new
>N   user1@demonC6.com     Sat May  :  /
&
Message  :
From user1@demonC6.com  Sat May  ::
Return-Path: <user1@demonC6.com>
X-Original-To: user2@demonC6.com
Delivered-To: user2@demonC6.com
Date: Sat,  May  :: +
To: user2@demonC6.com
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 //
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: user1@demonC6.com
Status: R
user1 ->  user2
& q