【Python31--pickle函数】

一、含义

1、pickle的实质是什么

答：利用一些算法把数据对象转换成“二进制文件”，存储在硬盘上，当然也可以放在数据库或者是另外一台计算机上

2、存放：picking，读取：unpicking

3、把my_list 的数据放到pickle_file文件内

>>> import pickle
>>> my_list = [123,3.14,'尘封',['another list']]
>>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl','wb')
>>> pickle.dump(my_list,pickle_file)   #dump（）：把my_list的数据放到pickle_file文件内
>>> pickle_file.close()
#把写入硬盘的数据在读取出来（用到load函数）
>>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl','rb')
>>> my_list2 = pickle.load(pickle_file)
>>> print(my_list2)
[123, 3.14, '尘封', ['another list']]
>>> 

4、天气查询接口

用中国天气网的接口：http://m.weather.com.cn/data/城市代码.html，然后就是用key找value，在打印出来

接口：http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=北京
返回的结果：
{"desc":"OK","status":1000,"data":{"wendu":"","ganmao":"风较大，较易发生感冒，注意防护。","forecast":[{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"5-6级","high":"高温 24℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 11℃","date":"3日星期六"},{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"4-5级","high":"高温 19℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 8℃","date":"4日星期日"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 21℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 9℃","date":"5日星期一"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 21℃","type":"多云","low":"低温 10℃","date":"6日星期二"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 24℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 12℃","date":"7日星期三"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 23℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 11℃","date":"8日星期四"}],"yesterday":{"fl":"微风","fx":"无持续风向","high":"高温 23℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 12℃","date":"2日星期五"},"aqi":"","city":"北京"}}
***********************************************
代码编写依据返回的结果来确定参数

import urllib.request
import gzip
import json

print('-----------天气查询---------------')
def get_weather_data():
    city_name = input('请输入城市名称：')
    #url_name：输入城市名（其中urllib.parse.quote是将城市名转换为url的组件），url_cityKey：输入城市代码
    url_name = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city='+urllib.parse.quote(city_name)
    #url_cityKey = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?citykey=101010100'

    #读取网页数据，
    weather_data = urllib.request.urlopen(url_name).read()
    #解压网页数据：
    weather_data = gzip.decompress(weather_data).decode('utf-8')
    #将json数据转换为dict数据
    weather_dict= json.loads(weather_data)

    return weather_dict

#定义当前天气输出格式
def show_weather(weather_data):
    weather_dict = weather_data
    if weather_dict.get('desc') == 'invilad-citykey':
        print('你输入的城市有误或者天气中心未收录你所在城市')
    elif weather_dict.get('desc') == 'OK':
        forecast = weather_dict.get('data').get('forecast')
        print('城市:',weather_dict.get('data').get('city'))
        print('温度:',weather_dict.get('data').get('wendu')+'℃ ')
        print('风向:',forecast[0].get('fengxiang'))
        print('分级:',forecast[0].get('fengli'))
        print('高温:',forecast[0].get('hign'))
        print('低温',forecast[0].get('low'))
        print('天气:',forecast[0].get('type'))
        print('日期:',forecast[0].get('date'))
        print('*******************************')

        four_day_forecast = input('是否显示未来四天的天气！')
        if four_day_forecast == 'yes'or'YES'or'Yes':
            for i in range(1,5):
                print('日期:', forecast[i].get('date'))
                print('温度:', weather_dict.get('data').get('wendu') + '℃ ')
                print('风向:', forecast[i].get('fengxiang'))
                print('分级:', forecast[i].get('fengli'))
                print('高温:', forecast[i].get('high'))
                print('低温:', forecast[i].get('low'))
                print('---------------------------------')
        print('********************************************')

show_weather(get_weather_data())

5、使用pickle的什么方法存储数据

pickle.dump(data.file) (data:待存储的数据对象，file：目标存储的文件对象，注意：在使用这个函数之前先使用open文件和‘wb’)

6、使用pickle的什么方法读取数据

pickle.load(file) (参数是目标存储的文件对象，注意要先使用‘rb’的open文件)

7、编写一个程序，这次要求使用pickle将文件（record.txt）里的对话按照以下要求腌制成不同文件

#小甲鱼的对话单独保存为boy_*.txt的文件（去掉“小甲鱼：”）

#小客服的对话单独保存期girl_*.txt的文件（去掉“小客服：”）

#文件中共有三段对话，分别保存为boy_1.txt,girl_1.txt,boy_2.txt,girl_2.txt,boy_3.txt,girl_3.txt共6个文件（提示：文件中不同的对话间已经使用“===========”分割）

import pickle

def save_file(boy,gril,count):

    boy_file_name = 'boy'+str(count)+'.txt'
    gril_file_name = 'gril'+str(count)+'.txt'

    boy_file = open(boy_file_name,'wb')
    gril_file = open(gril_file_name,'wb')

    pickle.dump(boy,boy_file)
    pickle.dump(gril,gril_file)

    boy_file.close()
    gril_file.close()

def open_file(file_name):
    count = 0
    boy = []
    gril = []

    f = open(file_name)

    for each_line in f:
        if each_line[:6]!= '========':
            (role,each_spken) = each_line.split(':',1)
            if role == '小甲鱼':
                boy.append(each_spken)
            if role == '小客服':
                gril.append(each_spken)
            else:
                save_file(boy, gril, count)

                boy = []
                gril = []
                count += 1

    save_file(boy, gril, count)
    f.close()

open_file('record.txt')