Lintcode241-String to Integer - Naive

Given a string, convert it to an integer. You may assume the string is a valid integer number that can be presented by a signed 32bit integer (-231 ~ 231-1).

Example

Example 1:
	Input:  "123"
	Output: 123

	Explanation:
	return the Integer.

Example 2:
	Input:  "-2"
	Output: -2

	Explanation:
	return the Integer.

思路1：用函数 
思路2: 下标由小到大，依次取String字符串的每一位。(不知为啥，这个方法提交打败的人更多)

注意：

1. 考虑正负数；用minus变量作为flag。遍历时，循环的初始值，也和minus有关，负数要从下标1开始。

2. num = num * 10 + str.charAt(i) - '0'; 

   // example 1
   char a = '3';
   char b = '5';
   char c = a + b;
   
   // example 2
   char a = '3';
   int b = 5;
   int c = a + b;
   int d = a - '0' + b;

   example 1: c = 33 + 35
   example 2: c = 33 + 5 = 38; d = 33 - 30 + 5 = 8
   所以char加减运算时，会自动转化为 ASCII码。如果想取char的实际数值，要 -'0'. （如char a = '3', 想取3，则  a - '0' ）

代码（思路1）：

public int stringToInteger(String str) {
    return Integer.parseInt(str);
}

代码（思路2）：

public int stringToInteger(String str) {
        int num = 0;
        int minus = 0;
        if (str.charAt(0) == '-') {
            minus = 1;
        }
        for (int i = minus; i < str.length(); i++){
            num = num * 10 + str.charAt(i) - '0';
        }

        if (minus == 1) {
            return -num;
        } else{
            return num;
        }
    }