通过Python实现对SQL Server 数据文件大小的监控告警

1.需求背景

系统程序突然报错，报错信息如下：

The transaction log for database '@dbname' is full. To find out why space in the log cannot be reused, see the log_reuse_wait_desc column in sys.databases

此时查看log文件，已达2T。

当时的紧急处理方案是，移除掉镜像，修改数据库恢复模式（由full修改为simple），收缩日志。

为了防止类似问题再次发生，需对log 文件的大小进行监控，当到达阈值后，触发告警。

2.主要基础组件（类）

配置文件 qqmssqltest_db_server_conf.ini

同过此配置文件获取DB Server信息、DB信息、UID信息、邮件服务器信息等。

[sqlserver]
db_user = XXXXXX
db_pwd = XXXXXXX

[sqlserver_qq]
db_host = 110.119.120.114
db_port = 1433

[windows]
user =
pwd = 

[mail]
host = zheshiceshidemail.qq.com
port = 25
user =
pwd =
sender = zhejiushiceshidebuyaodangzhen@qq.com

获取连接串的组件mssql_get_db_connect.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys
import os
import datetime
import configparser
import pymssql
# pip3 install pymssql-2.1.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
# pip3 install pymssql -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple

# 获取连接串信息
def mssql_get_db_connect(db_host, db_port):
    db_host = db_host
    db_port = db_port

    db_ps_file = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "qqmssqltest_db_server_conf.ini")
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(db_ps_file, encoding="utf-8")
    db_user = config.get('sqlserver', 'db_user')
    db_pwd = config.get('sqlserver', 'db_pwd')

    conn = pymssql.connect(host=db_host, port=db_port, user=db_user, password=db_pwd, charset="utf8", login_timeout=5, timeout=600, autocommit=True)

    return conn

执行SQL语句的组件mysql_exec_sql.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import mysql_get_db_connect

def mysql_exec_dml_sql(db_host, db_port, exec_sql):
    conn = mysql_get_db_connect.mysql_get_db_connect(db_host, db_port)
    with conn.cursor() as cursor_db:
        cursor_db.execute(exec_sql)
        conn.commit()

def mysql_exec_select_sql(db_host, db_port, exec_sql):
    conn = mysql_get_db_connect.mysql_get_db_connect(db_host, db_port)
    with conn.cursor() as cursor_db:
        cursor_db.execute(exec_sql)
        sql_rst = cursor_db.fetchall()

    return sql_rst

def mysql_exec_select_sql_include_colnames(db_host, db_port, exec_sql):
    conn = mysql_get_db_connect.mysql_get_db_connect(db_host, db_port)
    with conn.cursor() as cursor_db:
        cursor_db.execute(exec_sql)
        sql_rst = cursor_db.fetchall()
        col_names = cursor_db.description
    return sql_rst, col_names

发邮件的功能send_monitor_mail.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# pip3 install PyEmail
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import configparser
import os
import sys

# 发送告警邮件
def send_monitor_mail(mail_subject, mail_body, mail_receivers="testwukongbaigujing@qq.com"):
    db_ps_file = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "qqmssqltest_db_server_conf.ini")
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(db_ps_file, encoding="utf-8")
    mail_host = config.get('mail', 'host')
    mail_port = config.get('mail', 'port')
    # mail_user = config.get('mail', 'user')
    # mail_pwd = config.get('mail', 'pwd')
    sender = config.get('mail', 'sender')
    # receivers = config.get('mail', 'receivers')

    # 发送HTML格式邮件
    message = MIMEText(mail_body, 'html', 'utf-8')
    # message = MIMEText(mail_body, 'plain', 'utf-8')
    message['subject'] = mail_subject
    message['From'] = sender
    message['To'] = mail_receivers

    try:
        smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP()
        smtpObj.connect(mail_host, mail_port)          # 25 为 SMTP 端口号
        # SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.
        # https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microblog/issues/76
        # smtpObj.ehlo()
        # smtpObj.starttls()
        # smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pwd)
        smtpObj.sendmail(sender, mail_receivers, message.as_string())
        smtpObj.quit()
        print("邮件发送成功")
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    # except smtplib.SMTPException:
        # print("Error: 无法发送邮件")

3.主要功能代码

收集到的DB数据文件的信息保存到表mssql_dblogsize中，其建表的脚本如下：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[mssql_dblogsize](
    [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [createtime] [datetime] NULL,
    [vip] [nvarchar](100) NULL,
    [port] [nvarchar](100) NULL,
    [Environment] [nvarchar](200) NULL,
    [Dbname] [varchar](200) NULL,
    [Logical_Name] [varchar](200) NULL,
    [Physical_Name] [varchar](1500) NULL,
    [Size] [bigint] NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
    [id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[mssql_dblogsize] ADD  DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [createtime]
GO

为了方便对表mssql_dblogsize的数据进行管理和展示，在其基础上抽象加工出了一个视图v_mssql_dblogsize，注意Size大小的转换（Size/128/1024 as SizeGB）

创建视图的脚本如下：

CREATE view [dbo].[v_mssql_dblogsize]
as
SELECT [id]
      ,[createtime]
      ,[vip]
      ,[port]
      ,[Environment]
      ,[Dbname]
      ,[Logical_Name]
      ,[Physical_Name]
      ,Size/128/1024 as SizeGB
  FROM [dbo].[mssql_dblogsize]
where size >50*128*1024
and Physical_Name like '%ldf%'
GO

本测试实例使用的数据库为qqDB，监控的各个DB Server保存在了表QQDBServer中，注意Port 不一定为标准端口1433.

collect_mssql_dblogsize_info.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys
import os
import configparser
import pymssql
import mssql_get_db_connect
import mssql_exec_sql
from datetime import datetime

def collect_mssql_dblogsize_info():

    db_ps_file = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "qqmssqltest_db_server_conf.ini")
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(db_ps_file, encoding="utf-8")
    m_db_host = config.get('sqlserver_qq', 'db_host')
    m_db_port = config.getint('sqlserver_qq', 'db_port')

    # 获取需要遍历的DB列表
    exec_sql_1 = """
SELECT IP, case Port when '1444,1433' then '1433' else Port end as Port, Environment
FROM qqDB.dbo.QQDBServer
where InUse =1 AND ServerType IN ('SQL')
and IP=VIP ;
    """
    sql_rst_1 = mssql_exec_sql.mssql_exec_select_sql(m_db_host, m_db_port, exec_sql_1)
    for j in sql_rst_1:
        db_host_2 = j[0]
        db_port_2 = j[1]
        db_Environment = j[2]
        exec_sql_2 = """
        select '""" + db_host_2 + """' as vip, '""" + db_port_2 + """' as port, '""" + db_Environment + """' as Environment,DB_NAME(database_id) AS DatabaseName,
Name AS Logical_Name,
Physical_Name, size
FROM master.sys.master_files;
        """
        try:
           sql_rst_2 = mssql_exec_sql.mssql_exec_select_sql(db_host_2, db_port_2, exec_sql_2)
        except Exception as e:
           print(e)

        for k in sql_rst_2:
           exec_sql_3 = """
           insert into qqDB..mssql_dblogsize([vip], [port], [Environment], [Dbname], [Logical_Name], [Physical_Name], [Size])
           values('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s');
           """
           conn = mssql_get_db_connect.mssql_get_db_connect(m_db_host, m_db_port)
           with conn.cursor() as cursor_db:
               cursor_db.execute(exec_sql_3 % (k[0], k[1], k[2], k[3], k[4], k[5], k[6] ))
               conn.commit()
collect_mssql_dblogsize_info()

告警邮件的功能实现为mssql_alert_dblogsize.py,此份代码的告警阈值设置的为50G，数据来自于视图v_mssql_dblogsize。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys
import os
import configparser
import pymssql
import mssql_get_db_connect
import mssql_exec_sql
import datetime
import send_monitor_mail
import pandas as pd

def mssql_alert_dblogsize():
    mail_subject = "SQL Server DB Log Size Greater than 50G, please check!!! "
    mail_receivers = "testDBAgrp@qtiantianq.com"

    db_ps_file = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "qqmssqltest_db_server_conf.ini")
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(db_ps_file, encoding="utf-8")
    m_db_host = config.get('sqlserver_qq', 'db_host')
    m_db_port = config.getint('sqlserver_qq', 'db_port')

    # 获取需要遍历的DB列表

    exec_sql_4 = """
        SELECT [vip] as IP,[port],[Environment],[Dbname]
      ,[Logical_Name],[Physical_Name],[SizeGB],[createtime]
  FROM qqDB.[dbo].[v_mssql_dblogsize]
  order by VIP,Dbname;
    """
    sql_rst_4, col_name = mssql_exec_sql.mssql_exec_select_sql_include_colnames(m_db_host, m_db_port, exec_sql_4)
    # print(sql_rst_4)

    if len(sql_rst_4):
        mail_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

        columns = []
        for i in range(len(col_name)):
            columns.append(col_name[i][0])

        df = pd.DataFrame(columns=columns)
        for i in range(len(sql_rst_4)):
            df.loc[i] = list(sql_rst_4[i])

        mail_body = df.to_html(index=False, justify="left").replace('<th>', '<th style = "color:red; text-align:left; background-color: yellow">')
        mail_html = "<html><body><h4>" + "Deal All : " + "<br><h4>" + "以下数据库的db log文件，已大于50G.请及时检查，谢谢！ " + "<br><h4>" + mail_body + "</body></html>"

        send_monitor_mail.send_monitor_mail(mail_subject=mail_subject, mail_body=mail_html, mail_receivers=mail_receivers)

mssql_alert_dblogsize()

4.实现

定时任务是通过windows的计划任务来实现的,在此不做过多的叙述。告警邮件的部分截图如下:

5.附录

1.报错定位，判断是不是log文件过大

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30785593/article/details/99912405

2.关于为什么数据库log文件过大，我们可以参考以下分享的文章

https://blog.csdn.net/chinadm123/article/details/44941275