2.监控软件zabbix-服务端安装

环境准备

Zabbix服务端环境要求：

Red Hat Enterprise Linux
CentOS
Oracle Linux
Debian
Ubuntu

注意,要安装的Zabbix服务器需要联网,如果没有网络以下内容不适用.

软件准备

Zabbix服务端安装包

Zabbix官网镜像：http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.4/

阿里云镜像：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/2.4/

关联软件安装包

数据库

Zabbix-Server支持的数据库：

MySQL

Oracle

SQLite

IBM DB2

PostgreSQL

我们这里选用的是MySQL，MySQL的资源位置：

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file.php?id=450542

前端展示

Apache

PHP

客户端的浏览器必须要开启JavaScript和Cookies

服务端

软件需求	描述
OpenIPMI	需要支持IPMI
libssh2	需要支持SSH服务，大于1.0版本
fping	ICMP的ping命令需要
libcurl	服务端监听需要
libiksemel	Jabber支持需要
net-snmp	SNMP支持需要

版本要求

相关软件的版本需参考官方文档中的描述：

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.4/manual/installation/requirements

将2.4更换为相应版本号即可。

安装过程

安装Yum源

[root@localhost zabbix]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/2.4/rhel/6/i386/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost zabbix]# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost zabbix]# rpm -ivh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm

安装软件包

[root@localhost zabbix]# yum install -y zabbix zabbix-get zabbix-server zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-server-mysql mysql-server

到此我们Zabbix-Server端软件已经安装完毕.

软件配置

MySQL的配置

[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

character-set-server=utf8 #设置字符集为utf8
innodb_file_per_table=1 #让innodb的每个表文件单独存储

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

启动MySQL

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start

修改root用户密码

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot password root

创建Zabbix数据库以及用户

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -proot
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost mysql]#

导入Zabbix-Server表结构和数据

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use zabbix;
Database changed
mysql> source /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.6/create/schema.sql;
mysql> source /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.6/create/images.sql;
mysql> source /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.6/create/data.sql;

Zabbix-Server的配置

Zabbix-Server端默认情况下只需要修改连接MySQL数据库的密码即可（其它参数可根据实际环境需求修改）:

修改内容:

[root@localhost zabbix]# egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
LogFileSize=0
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix
DBSocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptt/snmptt.log
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts

创建扩展脚本路径：

[root@localhost zabbix]# mkdir /etc/zabbix/alertscripts /etc/zabbix/externalscripts

httpd的配置

要这是前端展示的字符集和时区信息

[root@localhost conf.d]# vi zabbix.conf
<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix">
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all

    php_value max_execution_time 300
    php_value memory_limit 128M
    php_value post_max_size 16M
    php_value upload_max_filesize 2M
    php_value max_input_time 300
    php_value data.timezone Asia/Shanghai
    # php_value date.timezone Europe/Riga
</Directory>

服务启动

[root@localhost create]# service zabbix-server start
[root@localhost create]# service httpd start

配置开机启动

[root@localhost create]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost create]# chkconfig zabbix-server on
[root@localhost create]# chkconfig httpd on

检查验证

登录验证

http://192.168.80.210/zabbix/setup.php

进入设置页面

1、设置主页

2、PHP相关参数检查

3、数据库连接配置，要注意进行验证连接是否可用

4、Zabbix-Server端详细信息

5、安装详情

6、完成安装

如果此步骤写入文件失败，可以尝试关闭SELINUX

[root@localhost conf.d]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

然后重启启动Linux服务器

7、点击finish即可进入主页，默认用户名：admin 密码：zabbix

8、进入页面如下结果

常见问题：

1、添加完防火墙过滤规则后，执行service iptables restart出错（Center OS 7），如下所示：

[root@localhost sysconfig]# service iptables restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  iptables.service
Failed to issue method call: Unit iptables.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
[root@localhost sysconfig]#

主要是因为没有安装iptables service导致的，所以当修改防火墙设置后，重启该服务无效。在Center OS7 或RHEL7 中防火墙引入进来管理iptables，在IMHO中，对于服务器环境而言，防火墙比工作站更安全、可靠。

所以可以通过如下办法解决：

[root@localhost sysconfig]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost sysconfig]# systemctl mask firewalld
ln -s '/dev/null' '/etc/systemd/system/firewalld.service'
[root@localhost sysconfig]# yum install iptables-services
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
 * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 iptables-services.x86_64.0.1.4.21-13.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                              架构                                      版本                                             源                                       大小
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 iptables-services                                    x86_64                                    1.4.21-13.el7                                    base                                     49 k

事务概要
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载量：49 k
安装大小：23 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: t
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
iptables-services-1.4.21-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                              |  49 kB  00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : iptables-services-1.4.21-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                     1/1
warning: /etc/sysconfig/iptables created as /etc/sysconfig/iptables.rpmnew
  验证中      : iptables-services-1.4.21-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                     1/1 

已安装:
  iptables-services.x86_64 0:1.4.21-13.el7                                                                                                                                                     

完毕！
[root@localhost sysconfig]# systemctl start iptables
[root@localhost sysconfig]# service iptables restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  iptables.service
[root@localhost sysconfig]# service iptables save

参考网址：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24756240/how-can-i-use-iptables-on-centos-7

2、防火墙配置问题

如果连接不上80或者10051或者10050，需在/etc/sysconfig/iptables中添过滤规则：

[root@localhost create]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

# http
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# zabbix-server
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 10051 -j ACCEPT
# zabbix-agent
-A OUTPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 10050 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --sport 10050 -j ACCEPT
COMMIT

[root@localhost create]# service iptables restart

如果还有问题,可以用如下命令尝试刷新路由表:

[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F

3、如果设置/etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf的timezone只不起作用

可以进行如下尝试

[root@localhost conf.d]# service httpd restart

如果依然存在问题，则进行如下操作：

[root@localhost conf.d]# vi /etc/php.ini
[Date]
; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
; http://www.php.net/manual/en/datetime.configuration.php#ini.date.timezone
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai