ManagementClass类解析和C#如何获取硬件的相关信息

在.NET的项目中，有时候需要获取计算机的硬件的相关信息，在C#语言中需要利用ManagementClass这个类来进行相关操作。

现在先来介绍一下ManagementClass类，首先看一下类的继承结构：

现在看一下MSDN对ManagementClass类的解释，对表示一个通用信息模型 (CIM) 管理类。 管理类是 WMI 类，如 Win32_LogicalDisk, ，该类型可表示一个磁盘驱动器，并 Win32_Process, ，它表示的进程 Notepad.exe 等。 此类的成员可以访问 WMI 数据，使用一个特定的 WMI 类路径。

一. 接下来我们来看一下ManagementClass类中一些较为常用的方法的源码：

1.GetInstances（）：此方法存在四个重载

　下面提供一下GetInstances(EnumerationOptions options)重载版本的代码：

public ManagementObjectCollection GetInstances(EnumerationOptions options)
         {
            if ((null == Path) || (null == Path.Path) || ( == Path.Path.Length))
                 throw new InvalidOperationException(); 

            Initialize ( false );
            IEnumWbemClassObject enumWbem = null;

            EnumerationOptions o = (null == options) ? new EnumerationOptions() : (EnumerationOptions)options.Clone();
             o.EnsureLocatable = false; o.PrototypeOnly = false;

             SecurityHandler securityHandler    = null;
            int status                        = (int)ManagementStatus.NoError;

             try
            {
                securityHandler = Scope.GetSecurityHandler();
                            status = scope.GetSecuredIWbemServicesHandler(Scope.GetIWbemServices() ).CreateInstanceEnum_(ClassName,
                                                            o.Flags,
                                                             o.GetContext(),
                                                            ref enumWbem
                                                              );
             }
            finally
             {
                if (securityHandler != null)
                    securityHandler.Reset();
            }

             if (status < )
            {
                 if ((status & 0xfffff000) == 0x80041000)
                     ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo((ManagementStatus)status);
                else
                     Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR(status);
            } 

            return new ManagementObjectCollection(Scope, o, enumWbem);
        }

2.Get()：

下面提供一下Get()重载版本的代码：

 public ManagementObjectCollection Get()
        {
            Initialize ();
            IEnumWbemClassObject ew = null;
            SecurityHandler securityHandler = scope.GetSecurityHandler();
            EnumerationOptions enumOptions = (EnumerationOptions)options.Clone(); 

            int status = (int)ManagementStatus.NoError;

            try
            {
                if ((query.GetType() == typeof(SelectQuery)) &&
                    (((SelectQuery)query).Condition == null) &&
                    (((SelectQuery)query).SelectedProperties == null) &&
                    (options.EnumerateDeep == true))
                {
                    enumOptions.EnsureLocatable = false; enumOptions.PrototypeOnly = false; 

                    if (((SelectQuery)query).IsSchemaQuery == false)
                    {
                        status = scope.GetSecuredIWbemServicesHandler( scope.GetIWbemServices()  ).CreateInstanceEnum_(
                            ((SelectQuery)query).ClassName,
                            enumOptions.Flags,
                            enumOptions.GetContext(),
                            ref ew);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        status = scope.GetSecuredIWbemServicesHandler(scope.GetIWbemServices() ).CreateClassEnum_(((SelectQuery)query).ClassName,
                            enumOptions.Flags,
                            enumOptions.GetContext(),
                            ref ew );
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    enumOptions.EnumerateDeep = true;
                    status = scope.GetSecuredIWbemServicesHandler(scope.GetIWbemServices() ).ExecQuery_(
                        query.QueryLanguage,
                        query.QueryString,
                        enumOptions.Flags,
                        enumOptions.GetContext(),
                        ref ew );
                }
            }
            catch (COMException e)
            {
                //
                ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo(e);
            }
            finally
            {
                securityHandler.Reset();
            } 

            if ((status & 0xfffff000) == 0x80041000)
            {
                ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo((ManagementStatus)status);
            }
            else if ((status & 0x80000000) != )
            {
                Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR(status);
            }
            return new ManagementObjectCollection(scope, options, ew);
        }

3.GetSubclasses（）：此方法存在四个重载版本

下面提供一下GetSubclasses(EnumerationOptions options)重载版本的代码：

public ManagementObjectCollection GetSubclasses(EnumerationOptions options)
        {
             if (null == Path)
                throw new InvalidOperationException();

             Initialize ( false ) ;
             IEnumWbemClassObject enumWbem = null;
            EnumerationOptions o = (null == options) ? new EnumerationOptions() : (EnumerationOptions)options.Clone();
            o.EnsureLocatable = false; o.PrototypeOnly = false;
            SecurityHandler securityHandler = null;
             int status                        = (int)ManagementStatus.NoError;

            try
             {
                 securityHandler = Scope.GetSecurityHandler();
                            status = scope.GetSecuredIWbemServicesHandler( Scope.GetIWbemServices() ).CreateClassEnum_(ClassName,
                    o.Flags,
                     o.GetContext(),
                    ref enumWbem);
            }
            finally
             {
                if (securityHandler != null)
                     securityHandler.Reset();
             } 

            if (status < )
             {
                if ((status & 0xfffff000) == 0x80041000)
                    ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo((ManagementStatus)status);
                else
                     Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR(status);
            }

             return new ManagementObjectCollection(Scope, o, enumWbem);
         }

以上是对ManagementClass类的部分谁明，此类型的所有公共静态成员都是线程安全的。不保证所有实例成员都是线程安全的。

二.ManagementClass类的部分应用：

1.获得CPU编号

        /// <summary>
        /// 获得CPU编号
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetCpuid()
        {
            var cpuid = string.Empty;
            var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_Processor");
            var moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (var o in moc)
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                cpuid = mo.Properties["ProcessorId"].Value.ToString();
            }
            return cpuid;
        }

2.获取硬盘序列号

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取硬盘序列号
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetDiskSerialNumber()
        {
            //这种模式在插入一个U盘后可能会有不同的结果，如插入我的手机时
            var hDid = string.Empty;
            var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_DiskDrive");
            var moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (var o in moc)
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                hDid = (string)mo.Properties["Model"].Value;
                //这名话解决有多个物理盘时产生的问题，只取第一个物理硬盘
                break;
            }
            return hDid;
        }

3.获取网卡硬件地址

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取网卡硬件地址
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetMacAddress()
        {
            var mac = "";
            var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");
            var moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (var o in moc)
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                if (!(bool) mo["IPEnabled"]) continue;
                mac = mo["MacAddress"].ToString();
                break;
            }
            return mac;
        }

4.获取IP地址

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取IP地址
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetIpAddress()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");
            var moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (var o in moc)
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                if (!(bool) mo["IPEnabled"]) continue;
                var ar = (Array)(mo.Properties["IpAddress"].Value);
                st = ar.GetValue().ToString();
                break;
            }
            return st;
        }

5.操作系统的登录用户名

        /// <summary>
        /// 操作系统的登录用户名
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetUserName()
        {
            return Environment.UserName;
        }

6.获取计算机名

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取计算机名
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetComputerName()
        {
            return Environment.MachineName;
        }

7.操作系统类型

        /// <summary>
        /// 操作系统类型
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetSystemType()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_ComputerSystem");
            var moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (var o in moc)
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["SystemType"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

8.物理内存

       /// <summary>
        /// 物理内存
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetPhysicalMemory()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mc = new ManagementClass("Win32_ComputerSystem");
            var moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (var o in moc)
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["TotalPhysicalMemory"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

9.显卡PNPDeviceID

       /// <summary>
        /// 显卡PNPDeviceID
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetVideoPnpid()
        {
            var st = "";
            var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_VideoController");
            foreach (var o in mos.Get())
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["PNPDeviceID"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

10.声卡PNPDeviceID

       /// <summary>
        /// 声卡PNPDeviceID
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetSoundPnpid()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_SoundDevice");
            foreach (var o in mos.Get())
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["PNPDeviceID"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

11.CPU版本信息

        /// <summary>
        /// CPU版本信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetCpuVersion()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_Processor");
            foreach (var o in mos.Get())
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["Version"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

12.CPU名称信息

        /// <summary>
        /// CPU名称信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetCpuName()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var driveId = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_Processor");
            foreach (var o in driveId.Get())
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["Name"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

13. CPU制造厂商

        /// <summary>
        /// CPU制造厂商
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetCpuManufacturer()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_Processor");
            foreach (var o in mos.Get())
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["Manufacturer"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

14.主板制造厂商

        /// <summary>
        /// 主板制造厂商
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetBoardManufacturer()
        {
            var query = new SelectQuery("Select * from Win32_BaseBoard");
            var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher(query);
            var data = mos.Get().GetEnumerator();
            data.MoveNext();
            var board = data.Current;
            return board.GetPropertyValue("Manufacturer").ToString();
        }

15.主板编号

        /// <summary>
        /// 主板编号
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetBoardId()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_BaseBoard");
            foreach (var o in mos.Get())
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["SerialNumber"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

16.主板型号

        /// <summary>
        /// 主板型号
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetBoardType()
        {
            var st = string.Empty;
            var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_BaseBoard");
            foreach (var o in mos.Get())
            {
                var mo = (ManagementObject) o;
                st = mo["Product"].ToString();
            }
            return st;
        }

以上的获取硬件信息的方法可以直接封装在一个类中，可以在项目中直接引用，这样可以加快项目的开发速度。