python urllib2使用心得

python urllib2使用心得

1、http GET请求

过程：获取返回结果，关闭连接，打印结果

f = urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
the_page = f.read()
f.close()
print the_page

2、http GET请求 + 包头

paras = "Token=1234567890;Uuid=0987654321"
url = http://www.cnblogs.com/shhnwangjian
send_headers = {"Cookie": paras, "User-Agent": "shhnwangjian", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=send_headers)  # 生成页面请求的完整数据
f = urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=10)  # 发送页面请求
the_page = f.read()
f.close()
print the_page

3、http GET请求 + 包头，处理返回响应包头

paras = "Token=1234567890;Uuid=0987654321"
send_headers = {"Cookie": paras, "User-Agent": "shhnwangjian", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
url = http://www.cnblogs.com/shhnwangjian
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=send_headers)
f = urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
response_head = f.info().getheader("Content-Type")  # 获取返回包头中Content-Type内容
print response_head
f.close()

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" alt="" />

4、http POST请求

postdata = urllib.urlencode({"username": "test", "password": "123456", "type": "Z"})
f = urllib2.urlopen(url, postdata, timeout=10)
the_page = f.read()
f.close()
print the_page

5、http POST请求 + 包头

postdata = urllib.urlencode({"username": "test", "password": "123456", "type": "Z"})
paras = "Token=1234567890;Uuid=0987654321"
url = http://www.cnblogs.com/shhnwangjian
send_headers = {"Cookie": paras, "User-Agent": "shhnwangjian", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=send_headers)  # 包头
f = urllib2.urlopen(req, postdata, timeout=10)
the_page = f.read()
f.close()
print the_page

6、http POST请求 + 包头，处理返回响应包头

postdata = urllib.urlencode({"username": "test", "password": "123456", "type": "Z"})
paras = "Token=1234567890;Uuid=0987654321"
url = http://www.cnblogs.com/shhnwangjian
send_headers = {"Cookie": paras, "User-Agent": "shhnwangjian", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=send_headers)  # 包头
f = urllib2.urlopen(req, postdata, timeout=10)
response_head = f.info().getheader("Cookie")  # 获取返回包头中Cookie内容
print response_head
f.close()

7、http post 请求，json数据包

send_headers = {"User-Agent": "shhnwangjian", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
url = http://www.cnblogs.com/shhnwangjian
body = json.dumps({
	"version": 1,
	"sblx": "1",
	"yjxx": "wangjian_AUTH",
	"token": token,
	"filemd5": "",
	"crc": 123
})
req = urllib2.Request(url, data=body, headers=send_headers)
f = urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=2)
the_page = f.read()
f.close()

8、基于Basic access authentication的http请求，如调用RabbitMQ API接口

实现方式一：请求头中添加Authorization

Basic access authentication介绍: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication

import base64
import urllib2

url = http://ip:port/api/channels
basicpwd = base64.b64encode("guest:guest")  # 账号密码
send_headers = {"User-Agent": "TEST", "Content-Type": "application/json", "Authorization": "Basic %s" % basicpwd}
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=self.head)
f = urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=6)
the_page = f.read()
f.close()

实现方式二：http://guest:guest@ip:port/api/channels

http包头、包体的学习参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/shhnwangjian/p/5110304.html