kubernetes常用基础命令
创建资源对象
创建名为nginx-deploy的控制器资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx-deploy --image=nginx:1.12 --replicas=2
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
client 1/1 Running 0 7d16h
nginx-deploy-54b5756c7-72c7d 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 17s
nginx-deploy-54b5756c7-phntx 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 17s
创建名为nginx-svc的Service对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
client 1/1 Running 0 7d16h
nginx-deploy-54b5756c7-72c7d 1/1 Running 0 2m26s
nginx-deploy-54b5756c7-phntx 1/1 Running 0 2m26s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 11d
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment/nginx-deploy --name=nginx-svc --port=80
service/nginx-svc exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 11d
nginx-svc ClusterIP 10.101.181.169 <none> 80/TCP 3s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 11d <none>
nginx-svc ClusterIP 10.101.181.169 <none> 80/TCP 9s run=nginx-deploy也可以根据资源清单创建资源对象，即命令式对象配置文件，例如，假设存在定义了Deployment对象的nginx-deploy.yaml文件，和定义了Service对象的nginx-svc.yaml文件，使用kubectlcreate命令即可进行基于命令式对象配置文件的创建操作：
$kubectl create -f nginx-deploy.yaml -f nginx-svc.yaml还可以将创建交由kubectl自行确定，用户只需要声明期望的状态，这种方式称为声明式对象配置。例如，假设存在定义了Deployment对象的nginx-deploy.yaml文件，以及定义了Service对象的nginx-svc.yaml文件，那么使用kubectlapply命令即可实现声明式配置：
$kubectl apply -f nginx-deploy.yaml -f nginx-svc.yaml查看资源对象
# 查看service资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 11d
nginx-svc ClusterIP 10.101.181.169 <none> 80/TCP 3s
# 并列出其他信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 11d <none>
nginx-svc ClusterIP 10.101.181.169 <none> 80/TCP 9s run=nginx-deploy
# 查看存在的namespace资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 11d
kube-public Active 11d
kube-system Active 11d
# 同时查看
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods,services -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/client 1/1 Running 0 7d16h 10.244.2.3 node2 <none> <none>
pod/nginx-deploy-54b5756c7-72c7d 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.2.4 node2 <none> <none>
pod/nginx-deploy-54b5756c7-phntx 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.1.4 node1 <none> <none>
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 11d <none>
service/nginx-svc ClusterIP 10.101.181.169 <none> 80/TCP 6m39s run=nginx-deploy
# 查看namespace为kube-system中标签为k8s-app的所有Pod对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -l k8s-app -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-86c58d9df4-cm4pm 1/1 Running 1 11d
coredns-86c58d9df4-g2mf4 1/1 Running 1 11d
kube-proxy-bm4g7 1/1 Running 1 10d
kube-proxy-cm88s 1/1 Running 1 10d
kube-proxy-m8wsf 1/1 Running 2 11d
打印资源对象的详细信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pods -l component=kube-apiserver -n kube-system
Name: kube-apiserver-master
Namespace: kube-system
Priority: 2000000000
PriorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
Node: master/192.168.18.64
Start Time: Mon, 14 Jan 2019 17:45:57 +0800
Labels: component=kube-apiserver
tier=control-plane
...
...[root@master ~]# kubectl describe service nginx-svc
Name: nginx-svc
Namespace: default
Labels: run=nginx-deploy
Annotations: <none>
Selector: run=nginx-deploy
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.102.230.186
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.6:80,10.244.2.6:80
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe service -h
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe node -l kubernetes.io/hostname=node2
Name: node2
Roles: <none>
Labels: beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
kubernetes.io/hostname=node2
Annotations: flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: {"VtepMAC":"ae:49:f9:62:b7:20"}
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: true
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 192.168.18.66
kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/cri-socket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp: Fri, 11 Jan 2019 17:12:49 +0800
Taints: <none>
Unschedulable: false
Conditions:
Type Status LastHeartbeatTime LastTransitionTime Reason Message
---- ------ ----------------- ------------------ ------ -------
MemoryPressure False Tue, 22 Jan 2019 11:26:26 +0800 Fri, 11 Jan 2019 17:12:49 +0800 KubeletHasSufficientMemory kubelet has sufficient memory available
DiskPressure False Tue, 22 Jan 2019 11:26:26 +0800 Fri, 11 Jan 2019 17:12:49 +0800 KubeletHasNoDiskPressure kubelet has no disk pressure
PIDPressure False Tue, 22 Jan 2019 11:26:26 +0800 Fri, 11 Jan 2019 17:12:49 +0800 KubeletHasSufficientPID kubelet has sufficient PID available
Ready True Tue, 22 Jan 2019 11:26:26 +0800 Fri, 11 Jan 2019 17:25:56 +0800 KubeletReady kubelet is posting ready status
Addresses:
InternalIP: 192.168.18.66
Hostname: node2
Capacity:
cpu: 1
ephemeral-storage: 17394Mi
hugepages-1Gi: 0
hugepages-2Mi: 0
memory: 1867264Ki
pods: 110
Allocatable:
cpu: 1
ephemeral-storage: 16415037823
hugepages-1Gi: 0
hugepages-2Mi: 0
memory: 1764864Ki
pods: 110
System Info:
Machine ID: 03e8bf0f8b4c4319b2b27dff38620ba4
System UUID: 3F704D56-210E-A7C5-4544-32704D0FB1A2
Boot ID: 9dd190ac-8ff7-4a34-afc3-ff66f57f2c04
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
OS Image: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Operating System: linux
Architecture: amd64
Container Runtime Version: docker://18.9.0
Kubelet Version: v1.13.1
Kube-Proxy Version: v1.13.1
PodCIDR: 10.244.2.0/24
Non-terminated Pods: (4 in total)
Namespace Name CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits AGE
--------- ---- ------------ ---------- --------------- ------------- ---
default client 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 7d17h
default nginx-deploy-54b5756c7-btwm4 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 16m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-h9f9b 100m (10%) 100m (10%) 50Mi (2%) 50Mi (2%) 10d
kube-system kube-proxy-cm88s 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10d
Allocated resources:
(Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
Resource Requests Limits
-------- -------- ------
cpu 100m (10%) 100m (10%)
memory 50Mi (2%) 50Mi (2%)
ephemeral-storage 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Events: <none>
打印容器中的日志信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs kube-apiserver-master -n kube-system
Flag --insecure-port has been deprecated, This flag will be removed in a future version.
I0114 09:45:58.640525 1 server.go:557] external host was not specified, using 192.168.18.64
I0114 09:45:58.640746 1 server.go:146] Version: v1.13.1
I0114 09:45:59.399233 1 plugins.go:158] Loaded 8 mutating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,NodeRestriction,Priority,DefaultTolerationSeconds,DefaultStorageClass,MutatingAdmissionWebhook.
...
...
为上面命令加上-f选项，可以持续监控指定容器中的日志输出
在容器中执行命令
kubectl exec POD [-c CONTAINER] -- COMMAND [args...] [options]例如
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec kube-apiserver-master -n kube-system -- ls
bin
boot
dev
etc
...
...
删除资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployments -l run=myapp
deployment.extensions "myapp" deleted
删除受控于控制器的对象来说，删除之后控制器会重建出类似的对象，所以删除此类对象可以考虑删除相关控制器
这里可以参考 kubectl delete -h
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