自动化安装部署

https://www.cnblogs.com/nulige/p/6796593.html

PXE+Kickstart工作原理

pxe+kickstart工作流程

  1. 网卡上的pxe芯片有512字节，存放了DHCP和TFTP的客户端
  2. 启动计算机选择网卡启动，pxe上的DHCP客户端会发出广播包向DHCP服务器申请IP地址
  3. DHCP服务器分配给它IP地址的同时通过以下字段，告诉pxe，TFTP的地址和它要下载的文件（1.next-server x.x.x.x; 2.filename "pxelinux.0";）
  4. pxelinux.0告诉pxe要下载的配置文件是pxelinux.cfg目录下的default
  5. pxe下载并依据配置文件的内容下载启动必须的文件，并通过ks.cfg开始系统安装

Cobbler部署安装

环境 -CentOS7+Cobbler2.8.2

官网：http://cobbler.github.io/

[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cat /etc/redhat-release


CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)


[root@cobbler kickstarts]# uname -m


x86_64


[root@cobbler kickstarts]# uname -r


3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64


[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler version


Cobbler 2.8.2

Cobbler运行流程

dhcp

client: 从dhcp中获取地址，访问next_server的ip地址

next_server : 获取启动内核，initrd等文件

tftp: pxe引导文件，启动cobbler选择界面

kickstart: 确定加载项，根据nfs，http，tfp等共享获取资源

部署过程

1.关闭selinux和防火墙

关闭SELINUX：

setenforce 0

sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config

关闭防火墙：

systemctl stop firewalld

2.安装epol源

rpm -ivh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm

3.安装cobbler

yum install -y httpd dhcp tftp cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart  xinetd

4.启动httpd和cobbler服务

启动httpd服务：

systemctl start httpd

启动cobblerd服务：

systemctl start cobblerd

5.cobber check，完成要求

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

修改/etc/cobbler/settings中的server字段IP为本机网卡IP

2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

修改/etc/cobbler/settings中next_server字段IP为本机IP

3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:

    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux

关闭SELinux

4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

修改/etc/xinetd.d/tftp中disable为no

5 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

运行cobbler get-loaders加载引导程序

6 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl

启动rsyncd服务：systemctl start rsyncd

7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

管理debian的部署和仓库，此处不管

8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

运行openssl passwd -1 -salt '盐' '密码' 加密密钥字符串并替换掉/etc/cobbler/settings中default_password_crypted字段的值

9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

电源管理，此处不管

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

6.完成要求后重启cobbler服务并再此cobbler check检查

systemctl restart cobblerd

cobbler check

7.编辑修改/etc/cobbler/settings第242行为manage_dhcp: 1

编辑/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template,修改DHCP发布信息，即只修改

subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

     option routers             10.0.0.2;

     option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;

     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;

     range dynamic-bootp        10.0.0.190 10.0.0.210;

8.重启cobblerd服务并执行cobbler sync

[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync

task started: 2018-03-06_171312_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar  6 17:13:12 2018)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

copying bootloaders

copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk

copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

copying distros to tftpboot

copying images

generating PXE configuration files

generating PXE menu structure

rendering DHCP files

generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

rendering TFTPD files

generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

cleaning link caches

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout:

received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

[root@cobbler ~]#

9.挂载系统镜像并将系统镜像导入cobbler

查看光盘信息：

[root@cobbler ~]# ll /dev/cdrom

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Mar  6 16:08 /dev/cdrom -> sr0

挂载并导入cobbler:

[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@cobbler ~]#

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64

10.自定义kickstarts文件

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/为系统默认存放kickstarts文件的地方

cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

rz

**上传事先准备好的CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg文件**

自定义kickstarts:

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

CentOS 7默认网卡不是eth开头，修改内核参数使其成为eth开头

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname'

11.重启httpd，xinetd,cobblerd服务

systemctl restart httpd

systemctl restart xinetd

systemctl restart cobblerd

cobbler sync

12.查看DHCP日志，查看自动安装情况

[root@cobbler kickstarts]# tail -f /var/log/messages

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: All rights reserved.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were not specified in the config file

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Wrote 0 class decls to leases file.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Wrote 0 leases to leases file.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Listening on LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:54:bf:8c/10.0.0.0/24

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Sending on   LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:54:bf:8c/10.0.0.0/24

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost systemd: Started DHCPv4 Server Daemon.

13.开启一个新机器，选择网卡启动（默认就是网卡启动）



进入cobbler界面成功！！！

此时查看cobbler服务器DHCP日志信息：

[root@cobbler kickstarts]# tail -f /var/log/messages

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: All rights reserved.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were not specified in the config file

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Wrote 0 class decls to leases file.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Wrote 0 leases to leases file.

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Listening on LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:54:bf:8c/10.0.0.0/24

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Sending on   LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:54:bf:8c/10.0.0.0/24

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost dhcpd: Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net

Mar  6 17:51:57 localhost systemd: Started DHCPv4 Server Daemon.

Mar  6 17:55:29 localhost dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:29:50:15:83 via ens33

Mar  6 17:55:30 localhost dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 10.0.0.190 to 00:0c:29:50:15:83 via ens33

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.0.0.190 (10.0.0.181) from 00:0c:29:50:15:83 via ens33

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.0.0.190 to 00:0c:29:50:15:83 via ens33

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost xinetd[17293]: START: tftp pid=17333 from=10.0.0.190

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17334]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17334]: tftp: client does not accept options

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17335]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17335]: Client 10.0.0.190 finished pxelinux.0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17336]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/564d2383-4d62-184e-37d8-2d30ad501583

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17336]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/564d2383-4d62-184e-37d8-2d30ad501583

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17337]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/01-00-0c-29-50-15-83

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17337]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/01-00-0c-29-50-15-83

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17338]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A0000BE

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17338]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0A0000BE

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17339]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A0000B

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17339]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0A0000B

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17340]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A0000

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17340]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0A0000

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17341]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A000

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17341]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0A000

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17342]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A00

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17342]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0A00

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17343]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17343]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0A0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17344]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17344]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0A

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17345]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17345]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found pxelinux.cfg/0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17346]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/default

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17346]: Client 10.0.0.190 finished pxelinux.cfg/default

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17347]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename menu

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17347]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found menu

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17348]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename menu.cbt

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17348]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found menu.cbt

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17349]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename menu.0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17349]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found menu.0

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17350]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename menu.com

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17350]: Client 10.0.0.190 File not found menu.com

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17351]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename menu.c32

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17351]: Client 10.0.0.190 finished menu.c32

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17352]: RRQ from 10.0.0.190 filename pxelinux.cfg/default

Mar  6 17:55:32 localhost in.tftpd[17352]: Client 10.0.0.190 finished pxelinux.cfg/default

CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg文件内容

[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

#### cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.4 by ChenTaicheng

install

url --url=$tree

text

lang en_US.UTF-8

keyboard us

zerombr

bootloader --location=mbr

\# Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai

authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype xfs --size 200

part swap --size 200

part / --fstype xfs --size 9500

firstboot --disable

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

logging --level=info

reboot

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

\#Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%end

%packages

@base

@compat-libraries

@debugging

@development

tree

nmap

sysstat

lrzsz

dos2unix

telnet

iptraf

ncurses-devel

openssl-devel

zlib-devel

OpenIPMI-tools

screen

%end

%post

systemctl disable postfix.service

%end[root@cobbler kickstarts]#

CentOS-6.6-x86_64.cfg文件内容

\#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

\#System authorization information

auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5

\#System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

\#Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

\#Partition information

part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 1024 --ondisk sda

part swap --size=1500

part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda

\#Use text mode install

text

\#Firewall configuration

firewall --disable

\#Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --disable

\#System keyboard

keyboard us

\#System language

lang en_US

\#Use network installation

url --url=$tree

\#If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.

$yum_repo_stanza

\#Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

\#network --bootproto=dhcp   --device=em1

\#Reboot after installation

reboot

\#Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

\#SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

\#Do not configure the X Window System

skipx

\#System timezone

timezone   Asia/Shanghai

\#Install OS instead of upgrade

install

\#Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

%packages

@base

@compat-libraries

@debugging

@development

tree

nmap

sysstat

lrzsz

dos2unix

telnet

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

\#Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%post

%end

###定制开始显示网站

[root@cobbler ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/pxe

[root@cobbler pxe]# cat pxedefault.template

DEFAULT menu

PROMPT 0

MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io

TIMEOUT 200

TOTALTIMEOUT 6000

ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local

        MENU LABEL (local)

        MENU DEFAULT

        LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end

扩展

客户机自动重新安装

客户端执行：

yum install -y koan

koan --server=10.0.0.181 --list=profiles

koan --replace-self --server=10.0.0.181 --profile=CentOS-7-x86_64

搭建yum源

服务端配置

1.添加repo

cobbler repo add --name=openstack-queens --mirror=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.4.1708/cloud/x86_64/openstack-queens/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum

2.同步repo

cobbler reposync

3.添加repo到对应的profile

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --repos="openstack-queens"

4.修改kickstart文件，添加下面内容到%post %end中间

systemctl disable postfix.service

%yum_config_stanza

根据MAC定制化装机

cobbler system add --name=linux-node2.oldboyedu.com --mac=00:50:56:21:AF:72 --profile=CentOS-7-x86_64 \

--ip-address=10.0.0.199 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 \

--static=1 --hostname=linux-node2.oldboyedu.com --name-servers="10.0.0.2" \

--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

相关命令及文件

cobbler    \#cobbler程序包

cobbler-web  \#cobbler的web服务包

pykickstart  \#cobbler检查kickstart语法错误

httpd       \#Apache web服务

/etc/cobbler                   \# 配置文件目录

/etc/cobbler/settings         \# cobbler主配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template    \# DHCP服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template   \# tftp服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/rsync.template   \# rsync服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/iso              \# iso模板配置文件目录

/etc/cobbler/pxe              \# pxe模板文件目录

/etc/cobbler/power            \# 电源的配置文件目录

/etc/cobbler/users.conf       \# Web服务授权配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.digest     \# web访问的用户名密码配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template \# DNS服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/modules.conf     \# Cobbler模块配置文件

/var/lib/cobbler               \# Cobbler数据目录

/var/lib/cobbler/config       \# 配置文件

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts   \# 默认存放kickstart文件

/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      \# 存放的各种引导程序

/var/www/cobbler               \# 系统安装镜像目录

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    \# 导入的系统镜像列表

/var/www/cobbler/images       \# 导入的系统镜像启动文件

/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  \# yum源存储目录

/var/log/cobbler               \# 日志目录

/var/log/cobbler/install.log  \# 客户端系统安装日志

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  \# cobbler日志

导入镜像命令

cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name Centos-6.6-x86_64 --arch=x86_64

####--path 镜像路径

####--name 为安装源定义一个名称

####--arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64

查看导入信息

cobbler profile report

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