java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService接口提供了许多线程管理的方法

Method 说明
shutdown 拒绝接收新的任务，待已提交的任务执行后关闭，且宿主线程不阻塞，若需要阻塞可借助awaitTermination实现
shutdownNow 停止所有正在执行的任务，挂起未执行的任务并关闭，且宿主线程不阻塞，若需要阻塞可借助awaitTermination实现
awaitTermination 当发生shutdown时，阻塞宿主线程直到约定的时间已过或者所有任务完成
submit 提交任务Callable/Runnable，可利用Future的get()方法使宿主线程阻塞直到任务结束后返回结果

有了以上方法，便可以基于此接口实现线程池的各种功能(例如java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor/java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor)，以java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor为例，其参数的详解

Name Type 说明
corePoolSize int 线程池中最小的线程数
maximumPoolSize int 线程池中最大的线程数
keepAliveTime long 线程空闲时间，若线程数大于corePoolSize，空闲时间超过该值的线程将被终止回收
unit TimeUnit keepAliveTime的时间单位
workQueue BlockingQueue<Runnable> 已提交但未执行的任务队列
threadFactory ThreadFactory 创建新线程的工厂
handler RejectedExecutionHandler 当线程池或队列达到上限拒绝新任务抛出异常时的处理类

同时，java.util.concurrent.Executors类提供的常用方法有

Method 说明 基类
newFixedThreadPool 线程池中含固定数量的线程 基于java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor类
newSingleThreadExecutor 线程池中仅含一个工作线程
newCachedThreadPool 按需创建线程，若线程池中无可用线程，则创建新的线程并加入，直到线程数达到上限值(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
newWorkStealingPool 按照可用CPU数创建线程池 基于java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool类

java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool类是Fork/Join框架的实现类，Fork/Join框架是Java7提供了的一个用于并行执行任务的框架， 是一个把大任务分割成若干个小任务，最终汇总每个小任务结果后得到大任务结果的框架，该类在有递归实现的场景有更优异的表现。

测试代码如下

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.junit.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;

/**

 * @Description: 测试ExecutorService

 */

public class ThreadExecutorServiceTest {

    private static final String THIS_IS_SHUTDOWN_WITH_AWAIT_TERMINATION = "This is shutdownWithAwaitTermination";

    private static final int RESULT = 111;

    private static boolean submitRunnable() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        Future<?> future = executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

            @Override

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("This is submitRunnable");

            }

        });

        return future.get() == null;

    }

    private static Integer submitRunnableWithResult() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

            @Override

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("This is submitRunnableWithResult");

            }

        }, RESULT);

        return future.get();

    }

    private static Integer submitBlockCallable() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                System.out.println("This is submitBlockCallable");

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        return future.get();// 阻塞

    }

    private static boolean submitNonBlockCallable() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                System.out.println("This is submitNonBlockCallable");

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        while (!future.isDone()) {// 非阻塞

            System.out.println(new Date());

        }

        return future.isDone();

    }

    private static String shutdown() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                Thread.sleep(10000);

                sb.append("This is shutdown");

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        executorService.shutdown();

        return sb.toString();

    }

    private static String shutdownWithAwaitTermination() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                Thread.sleep(10000);

                sb.append(THIS_IS_SHUTDOWN_WITH_AWAIT_TERMINATION);

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        executorService.shutdown();

        executorService.awaitTermination(Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);

        return sb.toString();

    }

    @Test

    public void test() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        Assert.assertTrue(submitRunnable());

        Assert.assertEquals(RESULT, submitRunnableWithResult().intValue());

        Assert.assertEquals(RESULT, submitBlockCallable().intValue());

        Assert.assertTrue(submitNonBlockCallable());

        Assert.assertTrue(shutdown().isEmpty());

        Assert.assertEquals(THIS_IS_SHUTDOWN_WITH_AWAIT_TERMINATION, shutdownWithAwaitTermination());

    }

}

---恢复内容结束---

java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService接口提供了许多线程管理的方法

Method 说明
shutdown 拒绝接收新的任务，待已提交的任务执行后关闭，且宿主线程不阻塞，若需要阻塞可借助awaitTermination实现
shutdownNow 停止所有正在执行的任务，挂起未执行的任务并关闭，且宿主线程不阻塞，若需要阻塞可借助awaitTermination实现
awaitTermination 当发生shutdown时，阻塞宿主线程直到约定的时间已过或者所有任务完成
submit 提交任务Callable/Runnable，可利用Future的get()方法使宿主线程阻塞直到任务结束后返回结果

有了以上方法，便可以基于此接口实现线程池的各种功能(例如java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor/java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor)，以java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor为例，其参数的详解

Name Type 说明
corePoolSize int 线程池中最小的线程数
maximumPoolSize int 线程池中最大的线程数
keepAliveTime long 线程空闲时间，若线程数大于corePoolSize，空闲时间超过该值的线程将被终止回收
unit TimeUnit keepAliveTime的时间单位
workQueue BlockingQueue<Runnable> 已提交但未执行的任务队列
threadFactory ThreadFactory 创建新线程的工厂
handler RejectedExecutionHandler 当线程池或队列达到上限拒绝新任务抛出异常时的处理类

同时，java.util.concurrent.Executors类提供了基于java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor类的工具方法，常用方法有

Method 说明
newFixedThreadPool 线程池中含固定数量的线程
newSingleThreadExecutor 线程池中仅含一个工作线程
newCachedThreadPool 按需创建线程，若线程池中无可用线程，则创建新的线程并加入，直到线程数达到上限值(Integer.MAX_VALUE)

测试代码如下

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.junit.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.lxp.multiple.thread.task.SumTask;

/**

 * @Description: 测试ExecutorService

 * @author Super.Li

 * @date Jul 6, 2017

 */

public class ThreadExecutorServiceTest {

    private static final String THIS_IS_SHUTDOWN_WITH_AWAIT_TERMINATION = "This is shutdownWithAwaitTermination";

    private static final int RESULT = 111;

    private static boolean submitRunnable() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        Future<?> future = executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

            @Override

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("This is submitRunnable");

            }

        });

        return future.get() == null;

    }

    private static Integer submitRunnableWithResult() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

            @Override

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("This is submitRunnableWithResult");

            }

        }, RESULT);

        return future.get();

    }

    private static Integer submitBlockCallable() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                System.out.println("This is submitBlockCallable");

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        return future.get();// 阻塞

    }

    private static boolean submitNonBlockCallable() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                System.out.println("This is submitNonBlockCallable");

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        while (!future.isDone()) {// 非阻塞

            System.out.println(new Date());

        }

        return future.isDone();

    }

    private static String shutdown() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                Thread.sleep(10000);

                sb.append("This is shutdown");

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        executorService.shutdown();

        return sb.toString();

    }

    private static String shutdownWithAwaitTermination() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

            @Override

            public Integer call() throws Exception {

                Thread.sleep(10000);

                sb.append(THIS_IS_SHUTDOWN_WITH_AWAIT_TERMINATION);

                return RESULT;

            }

        });

        executorService.shutdown();

        executorService.awaitTermination(Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);

        return sb.toString();

    }

    private static int testForkJoinPool(List<Integer> list) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(8);

        Future<Integer> future = forkJoinPool.submit(new SumTask(list));

        return future.get();

    }

    @Test

    public void test() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        Assert.assertTrue(submitRunnable());

        Assert.assertEquals(RESULT, submitRunnableWithResult().intValue());

        Assert.assertEquals(RESULT, submitBlockCallable().intValue());

        Assert.assertTrue(submitNonBlockCallable());

        Assert.assertTrue(shutdown().isEmpty());

        Assert.assertEquals(THIS_IS_SHUTDOWN_WITH_AWAIT_TERMINATION, shutdownWithAwaitTermination());

        Assert.assertEquals(10, testForkJoinPool(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 })));

        Assert.assertEquals(49, testForkJoinPool(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 })));

        Assert.assertEquals(60, testForkJoinPool(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 })));

    }

}

SumTask类如下：

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;

public class SumTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private List<Integer> list;

    public SumTask(List<Integer> list) {

        this.list = list;

    }

    /**

     * Ensure it is necessary to divide the job to parts and finish them separately

     *

     * @return

     */

    @Override

    protected Integer compute() {

        int rtn, size = list.size();

        if (size < 10) {

            rtn = sum(list);

        } else {

            SumTask subTask1 = new SumTask(list.subList(0, size / 2));

            SumTask subTask2 = new SumTask(list.subList(size / 2 + 1, size));

            subTask1.fork();

            subTask2.fork();

            rtn = subTask1.join() + subTask2.join();

        }

        return rtn;

    }

    private int sum(List<Integer> list) {

        return list.stream().mapToInt(number -> number.intValue()).sum();

    }

}

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