scrapy 爬取豆瓣互联网图书

1. 安装scrapy
   1. 　　

      conda install scrapy

2. 生成一个scrapy项目
   1. 　　

      scrapy startproject douban

3. settings文件
   1. 　　

      # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
      
      # Scrapy settings for douban project
      #
      # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
      # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
      #
      #     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
      #     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
      #     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
      
      BOT_NAME = 'douban'
      
      SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']
      NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'
      
      # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
      #USER_AGENT = 'douban (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
      # USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0'
      USER_AGENT='Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'
      # Obey robots.txt rules
      ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
      
      # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
      #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
      
      # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
      # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
      # See also autothrottle settings and docs
      #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
      # The download delay setting will honor only one of:
      #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
      #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
      
      # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
      #COOKIES_ENABLED = False
      
      # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
      #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
      
      # Override the default request headers:
      #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
      #   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
      #   'Accept-Language': 'en',
      #}
      
      # Enable or disable spider middlewares
      # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
      #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
      #    'douban.middlewares.DoubanSpiderMiddleware': 543,
      #}
      
      # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
      # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
      #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
      #    'douban.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
      #}
      
      # Enable or disable extensions
      # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
      #EXTENSIONS = {
      #    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
      #}
      
      # Configure item pipelines
      # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
      ITEM_PIPELINES = {
         'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300,
      }
      
      # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
      # See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
      #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
      # The initial download delay
      #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
      # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
      #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
      # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
      # each remote server
      #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
      # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
      #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
      
      # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
      # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
      #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
      #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
      #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
      #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
      #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

4. 编写爬虫文件,位于spiders下面
   1. 　　

      import scrapy
      
      from douban.items    import  DoubanItem
      
      class MeijuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
          name = 'doubanmovie'
          allowed_domains=['book.douban.com']
          start_urls=['https://book.douban.com/tag/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91']
          number=1;
          def parse(self, response):
              self.number = self.number+1;
              # print(response.text)
              objs=response.xpath('//*[@id="subject_list"]/ul/li')
              # print(objs)
              # print('test',response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/div/div/table[1]/tr/td[2]/div/a/text()').extract_first())
              print(len(objs))
              for i in objs :
                  item=DoubanItem()
                  item['name']=i.xpath('./div[2]/h2/a/text()').extract_first() or ''
                  item['score']=i.xpath('./div[2]/div[2]/span[2]/text()').extract_first() or ''
                  item['author']=i.xpath('./div[2]/div[1]/text()').extract_first() or ''
                  item['describe']=i.xpath('./div[2]/p/text()').extract_first() or ''
                  yield item
              next_page = response.xpath('//*[@id="subject_list"]/div[2]/span[4]/a/@href').extract()
              print(self.number);
              if(self.number >11):
                  next_page = response.xpath('//*[@id="subject_list"]/div[2]/span[5]/a/@href').extract()
              print(next_page)
              if next_page:
                  next_link=next_page[0];
                  print("https://book.douban.com"+next_link)
                  yield scrapy.Request("https://book.douban.com"+next_link,callback=self.parse)

5. 编写pipe文件
   1. 　　

      # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
      
      # Define your item pipelines here
      #
      # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
      # See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
      
      class DoubanPipeline(object):
          def process_item(self, item, spider):
              with open('douban.txt','a',encoding='utf-8') as file:
                  file.write(str(item['name'].replace("\n","").replace("\t","").replace(",","，").replace("\r","").strip() )
                             +','+item['score'].replace("\n","").replace("\t","").replace(",","，").replace("\r","").strip()
                             +','+str(item['author']).replace("\n","").replace("\t","").replace(",","，").replace("\r","").strip()
                             +','+item['describe'].replace("\n","").replace("\t","").replace(",","，").replace("\r","").strip()
                             + "\n"
                             )

6. 执行
   1. 　　编写一个start.py文件

      from scrapy.cmdline import execute
      execute("scrapy crawl doubanmovie".split())

   2. 效果
      1.