HDU 6304 Chiaki Sequence Revisited
Chiaki is interested in an infinite sequence a1,a2,a3,..., which is defined as follows:
Chiaki would like to know the sum of the first n terms of the sequence, i.e. ∑i=1nai. As this number may be very large, Chiaki is only interested in its remainder modulo (109+7).
The first line contains an integer n (1≤n≤1018).
For each test case, output an integer denoting the answer.

void init(){
P[]=;P[]=;
nP[]=;nP[]=;
for(int i=;i<=;++i){
P[i]=*P[i-];
nP[i]=P[i]-;
}
}
ll getbound(ll N){
ll bound=;
for(int i=;i>=;--i){
while(N>=nP[i]){
N-=nP[i];
bound+=P[i-];
}
}
return bound;
}
第二种 完全参照二进制,可知N(自减一后)所落在的数字最近的次数填满数字,后来计算时很方便。
void init(){
P[]=;P[]=;
nP[]=;nP[]=;
for(int i=;i<=;++i){
P[i]=*P[i-];
nP[i]=P[i]-;
}
}
ll getbound(ll& N){
ll bound=;
for(int i=;i>=;--i){
if(N>=nP[i]){
N-=nP[i];
bound+=P[i-];
}
}
return bound;
}
计算时可以可利用每个数字出现的次数,是1(2^0)的倍数的出现过一次,是2(2^1)的倍数的额外出现过一次,是4(2^2)的倍数的又额外出现一次,,,(这也恰恰是后缀0的意义)
在这里贴两份按照上述两种方法写的代码。
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std; typedef long long ll; const ll MOD=1e9+;
ll P[];
ll nP[];
ll a[];
ll arr[]; ll lowbit(ll x){
ll low=x&(-x);
ll cnt=;
while(low>>=){
cnt++;
}
return cnt;
} void init(){
P[]=;P[]=;
nP[]=;nP[]=;
for(int i=;i<=;++i){
P[i]=*P[i-];
nP[i]=P[i]-;
} //a[1]=1;a[2]=1;
//arr[1]=1;arr[2]=2;
//for(int i=3;i<101;i++){
// a[i]=a[i-a[i-1]]+a[i-1-a[i-2]];
// arr[i]=arr[i-1]+a[i];
//} //for(int i=1;i<101;++i) printf("%lld\n",arr[i]); } ll inv(ll a,ll m){
if(a==) return ;
return inv(m%a,m)*(m-m/a)%m;
} ll getbound(ll N){
ll bound=;
for(int i=;i>=;--i){
while(N>=nP[i]){
N-=nP[i];
bound+=P[i-];
}
}
return bound;
} int main(){
//freopen("data.in","r",stdin);
//freopen("data1.out","w",stdout);
init();
int T;
scanf("%d",&T);
while(T--){
ll N;
scanf("%lld",&N);
if(N==) puts("");
else{
ll ans=;
N-=1ll;
ll bound=;
bound=getbound(N);
//printf("bound = %lld\n",bound);
ll cnt=lowbit(bound)+1ll;
ll tot=N;
for(ll i=;i<=cnt;++i){
if(bound==getbound(N+i)) tot++;
else break;
}
ll _m2=inv(,MOD);
//printf("%lld\n",_m2);
for(int i=;i<=;++i){
if(P[i]<=bound){
ll M=bound/P[i];
ans=(ans+(P[i]%MOD)*(M%MOD)%MOD*((M+1ll)%MOD)%MOD*_m2%MOD)%MOD;
}
else break;
}
//printf("1:%lld\n",(ans+1)%MOD);
ans=(ans-(bound)*(tot-N)%MOD+MOD)%MOD;
printf("%lld\n",(ans+1ll)%MOD);
//printf("%I64d %I64d\n",(ans+1ll)%MOD,arr[N+1]);
//最后加一
}
}
return ;
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std; typedef long long ll; const ll MOD=1e9+;
ll P[];
ll nP[];
ll a[];
ll arr[]; ll lowbit(ll x){
ll low=x&(-x);
ll cnt=;
while(low>>=){
cnt++;
}
return cnt;
} void init(){
P[]=;P[]=;
nP[]=;nP[]=;
for(int i=;i<=;++i){
P[i]=*P[i-];
nP[i]=P[i]-;
} //a[1]=1;a[2]=1;
//arr[1]=1;arr[2]=2;
//for(int i=3;i<101;i++){
// a[i]=a[i-a[i-1]]+a[i-1-a[i-2]];
// arr[i]=arr[i-1]+a[i];
//} //for(int i=1;i<101;++i) printf("%lld\n",arr[i]); } ll inv(ll a,ll m){
if(a==) return ;
return inv(m%a,m)*(m-m/a)%m;
} ll getbound(ll& N){
ll bound=;
for(int i=;i>=;--i){
if(N>=nP[i]){
N-=nP[i];
bound+=P[i-];
}
}
return bound;
} int main(){
//freopen("data.in","r",stdin);
//freopen("data1.out","w",stdout);
init();
int T;
scanf("%d",&T);
while(T--){
ll N;
scanf("%lld",&N);
if(N==) puts("");
else{
ll ans=;
N-=1ll;
ll bound=;
bound=getbound(N);
//printf("bound = %lld\n",bound);
//ll cnt=lowbit(bound)+1ll;
//ll tot=N;
//for(ll i=1;i<=cnt;++i){
// if(bound==getbound(N+i)) tot++;
// else break;
//}
ll _m2=inv(,MOD);
for(int i=;i<=;++i){
if(P[i]<=bound){
ll M=bound/P[i];
ans=(ans+(P[i]%MOD)*(M%MOD)%MOD*((M+1ll)%MOD)%MOD*_m2%MOD)%MOD; }
else break;
}
//printf("1:%lld\n",(ans+1)%MOD);
ans=(ans+(bound+)*N%MOD)%MOD;
printf("%lld\n",(ans+1ll)%MOD);
//printf("%I64d %I64d\n",(ans+1ll)%MOD,arr[N+1]);
//最后加一
}
}
return ;
}
然后,比赛时WA了两发,其实规律找到了,但错在了计算,算总和时,第一个错误处是没用逆元,第二个错误处是P[i]在N为1e18时奇大,应该先mod在相乘。
血的教训。
Chiaki would like to know the sum of the first n terms of the sequence, i.e. ∑i=1nai. As this number may be very large, Chiaki is only interested in its remainder modulo (109+7).
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