[Python基础]010.os模块(2)

os模块(2)

介绍
os

介绍

- os.path模块，主要处理路径操作，包含了各种处理文件和文件名的方法。

os.path

常量

os.path.sep 路径分隔符 (Unix为 /，Win为 \\)
os.path.pathsep 多个路径间的分隔符，多用于环境变量 (Unix为 :， Win为 ;)
os.path.extsep 后缀名符号一般为 .

路径

os.path.split 分割路径为目录名和文件名
os.path.dirname 目录名
os.path.basename 文件名
os.path.splitext 分割路径为文件和扩展名
os.path.join 路径组合

代码

import os

filename = '/Users/superdo/test.txt'

# 分割路径

_dir, _file = os.path.split(filename)

print _dir      # /Users/superdo

print _file     # test.txt

# 目录名

print os.path.dirname(filename)     # /Users/superdo

# 文件名

print os.path.basename(filename)    # test.txt

# 扩展名

_filename, _ext = os.path.splitext(filename)

print _filename     # /Users/superdo/test

print _ext          # .txt

# 路径组合

f = os.path.join('Users', 'superdo', 'test.txt')

print f     # Users/superdo/test.txt

判断路径属性

os.path.exists 文件是否存在
os.path.isdir 是否是目录
os.path.isfile 是否是文件
os.path.islink 是否是连接文件
os.path.ismount 是否是挂载文件
os.path.isabs 是否是绝对路径

代码

import os

filename = '/Users/superdo/test.txt'

print os.path.exists(filename)      # 判断存在

print os.path.isdir(filename)       # 判断文件夹

print os.path.isfile(filename)      # 判断文件

print os.path.islink(filename)      # 判断连接文件

print os.path.ismount(filename)     # 判断挂载文件

print os.path.isabs(filename)       # 判断绝对路径

路径变换

os.path.relpath 相对路径
os.path.abspath 绝对路径
os.path.normpath 标准化路径
os.path.commonprefix 获得共同路径

代码

import os

filename = '/Users/superdo/ac/../path.txt'

# 获得相对路径

print os.path.relpath(filename)     # 获得相对于当前路径的路径

print os.path.relpath(filename, '/Users')   # 获得相对于/Users的路径

# 绝对路径

print os.path.abspath(filename)

# 标准化路径

print os.path.normpath(filename)

# 获得多个路径中的共同路径

f1 = '/Users/superdo/zergling/file.txt'

f2 = '/Users/superdo/ac/file.txt'

f3 = '/Users/superdo/horse/file.txt'

print os.path.commonprefix([f1, f2, f3])    # /Users/superdo/

文件属性

os.path.getatime 访问时间（从os.stat获得）
os.path.getmtime 修改时间（从os.stat获得）
os.path.getctime 创建时间（从os.stat获得）
os.path.getsize 文件大小（从os.stat获得）

代码

import os

import 

filename = '/Users/superdo/test.txt'

print os.path.getatime(filename)

print os.path.getmtime(filename)

print os.path.getctime(filename)

print os.path.getsize(filename)

相同文件

os.path.samefile 对比文件
os.path.sameopenfile 对比打开文件
os.path.samestat 对比文件stat

代码

import os

f1 = '/Users/superdo/file.txt'

f2 = '/Users/superdo/file.txt'

print os.path.samefile(f1, f2)

fp1 = open(f1)

fp2 = open(f2)

print os.path.sameopenfile(fp1.fileno(), fp2.fileno())

fs1 = os.stat(f1)

fs2 = os.stat(f2)

print os.path.samestat(fs1, fs2)

本站文章为宝宝巴士 SD.Team原创，转载务必在明显处注明：（作者官方网站：宝宝巴士)
转载自【宝宝巴士SuperDo团队】 原文链接: http://www.cnblogs.com/superdo/p/4719191.html

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