配置ASM以及创建恢复目录

本次配置ASM沿用了搭建RAC的环境配置，系统选用CENTOS6.8

首先本地配置YUM，安装GRID集群件所需要的RPM包

[root@rac01 Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo

[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *

[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# vi local.repo

[kingsql]

name=This is kingsql repo

baseurl=file:///rpm/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# mkdir -p /rpm
[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# cd /rpm

[root@rac01 rpm]cp /root/CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1/Packages/* /rpm/

rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-12.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libxml2-2.7.6-14.el6_5.2.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libxml2-python-2.7.6-14.el6_5.2.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-22.el6.noarch.rpm

[root@rac01 rpm]# createrepo ./
[root@rac01 rpm]# yum clean all
[root@rac01 rpm]# yum makecache

[root@rac01 rpm]#yum install libXp* xterm* unixODBC* sysstat* make* libstdc++* libgomp* libgcc* libaio* kernel-headers* glibc* gcc* elfutils*  binutils* bind bind-devel bind-chroot caching-nameserver compat-libcap1* compat-libstdc++-33* openssh* xdpyinfo vi unzip

本次配置ASM,DNS配置可选可不选

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vi /etc/named.conf

options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { any; };
        recursion yes;

dnssec-enable yes;
        dnssec-validation yes;

/* Path to ISC DLV key */
        bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};

zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "/dev/null";
};

zone "kingsql.org" IN {
        type master;
        file "kingsql.org.zone";
};

zone "56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "192.168.56.rev";
        };

[root@rac01 named]# cd /var/named
[root@rac01 named]# pwd
/var/named
[root@rac01 named]# vi kingsql.org.zone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  kingsql.org.       hostmaster.kingsql.org. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
@            IN NS ns1.kingsql.org.
ns1          IN A 192.168.56.101
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.56.156
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.56.157
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.56.158
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@rac01 named]# vi 192.168.56.rev
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  kingsql.org.       hostmaster.kingsql.org. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
@            IN NS ns1.kingsql.org.
ns1          IN A 192.168.56.101
156          IN PTR cluster-scan.kingsql.org.
157          IN PTR cluster-scan.kingsql.org.
158          IN PTR cluster-scan.kingsql.org.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
service network restart

cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.56.101

chkconfig named on ##设置开机自启动

service named start
Starting named: [  OK  ]

nslookup cluster-scan.kingsql.org
nslookup 192.168.56.156
nslookup 192.168.56.157
nslookup 192.168.56.158

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关闭防火墙

chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop

修改selinux为disabled

vi /etc/selinux/config

创建用户和组

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall 
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin 
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba 
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
groupadd -g 1300 dba 
groupadd -g 1301 oper 
useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "Grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
useradd -m -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle 
passwd grid
passwd oracle

建立目录，修改权限
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.4/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01

关闭ntpd服务
service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.original
rm -rf /var/run/ntpd.pid

修改grid用户的环境变量

[grid@rac1 ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.4/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export  CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
export LANG=C

修改root用户环境变量

vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

/sbin/sysctl -p

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
grid                soft    nproc   2047
grid                hard    nproc   16384
grid                soft    nofile  1024
grid                hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

vi /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     pam_limits.so

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查磁盘号
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdb
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB1274608b-98003b66
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdc
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBbf237514-f3435ff0
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdd
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc894130b-2f10eef0
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sde
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB58f6ed82-b0dc76dc
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdf
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB0e0cbf34-6238f247
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdg
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB98788216-29530089

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB1274608b-98003b66", NAME="asm-disk1",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBbf237514-f3435ff0", NAME="asm-disk2",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc894130b-2f10eef0", NAME="asm-disk3",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB58f6ed82-b0dc76dc", NAME="asm-disk4",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB0e0cbf34-6238f247", NAME="asm-disk5",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB98788216-29530089", NAME="asm-disk6",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

[root@rac01 ~]# start_udev
Starting udev: [  OK  ]

[root@rac1 ~]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk6

安装集群件自带的RPM包

[root@rac01 ~]# mv p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip /home/grid/
[grid@rac01 ~]$ cd grid/
[grid@rac01 grid]$ ls
install      response  runInstaller  sshsetup  welcome.html
readme.html  rpm       runcluvfy.sh  stage
[grid@rac01 grid]$ cd rpm/
[grid@rac01 rpm]$ ls
cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

[grid@rac01 rpm]$ su root
Password:

[root@rac1 ~]# rpm -ivh /home/grid/grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
Using default group oinstall to install package
   1:cvuqdisk               ########################################### [100%]

修改/etc/hosts

[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.56.101 rac01

192.168.56.111 rac01-vip

192.168.1.229 rac01-priv

192.168.56.156 cluster-scan

安装ASM

scan-name写/etc/hosts中的cluster-scan

注意修改公共主机名和虚拟主机名，若为单节点则不用配置SSH互信

注意etho 和 eth1 哪个是公共网卡哪个是桥接网卡

选择ASM

冗余选择外部冗余

选择不使用IPM

执行脚本

安装完成后配置asmca

create 创建磁盘组

剩下的硬盘起名为DATA磁盘组

Mount all，之后推出

此时直接启用dbca配置可能会无法发现磁盘组，我们需要进入grid家目录执行chmod +s权限，使ORACLE用户可以看到磁盘组

cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/

chmod +s oracle

启用dbca

使用DBCA启动创建恢复目录数据库的进程

在database templates(数据库模板)页上，保留默认值“General Purpose”(一般用途)或Transaction Processing(事物处理)

在database identification(数据库标识)，输入恢复目录数据库的名称，使用rcat.example.com作为Global Database Name（全局数据库名）

Management options（管理选项） 取消选中configure enterprise manager(配置em)

Automatic Maintenance Tasks(自动维护任务) 取消选中 Enable Automatic Maintenance Tasks（启用自动维护任务）

所有账户使用同一管理口令

Database file locations(数据库文件位置) 选择Automatic Storage Management（ASM）（自动存储管理）作为Storage Type(存储类型). 选择Use common location for all database files（所有数据库文件使用公共位置） 然后选择DATA磁盘组

在recovery configuration(恢复配置),选中specify flash recovery(指定快速恢复区) 选择+FRA磁盘组，并确保Flash Recovery Area size（快速恢复区大小）为4062MB

不勾选示例方案

在initialization parameter（初始化参数），将内存大小设置为303MB，单击Use Automatic Memory Management(使用自动内存管理)

字符集选项卡选择use unicode(AL32UTF8)

之后进行create database