Django实现组合搜索的方法示例

四、其他变化

一、实现方法

1.纯模板语言实现

2.自定义simpletag实现（本质是简化了纯模板语言的判断）

二、基本原理

原理都是通过django路由系统，匹配url筛选条件，将筛选条件作为数据库查询结果，返回给前端。

例如：路由系统中的url格式是这样：

1	`url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter)`

其中article_type_id和category_id和数据库中字段是相对应的，此时当一个url为article-1-2.html时候，后台处理函数的参数将是一个字典{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}，然后将该条件作为数据库查询条件，最后得出结果返回给前端

三、代码样例

方法1：纯模板语言实现

urls.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

#Author:wd

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^$',views.index),

url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter),

]

models.py

from django.db import models

class Category(models.Model):

caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)

class Article_type(models.Model):

caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)

class Article(models.Model):

title=models.CharField(max_length=64)

content=models.CharField(max_length=256)

category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category')

article_type=models.ForeignKey(to='Article_type'

views.py

def filter(request,*args,**kwargs):

if request.method=="GET":

condition={}

for k,v in kwargs.items():

kwargs[k]=int(v) #模板if判断row.id是数字，所以这里需要转换

if v=="0":#当条件为0代表所选的是全部，那么就不必要加入到过滤条件中

pass

else:

condition[k]=int(v)

aritcle=models.Article.objects.filter(**condition)

aritcle_type=models.Article_type.objects.all()

aritcle_category=models.Category.objects.all()

return render(request,'search.html',{

'aritcle':aritcle,

'article_type':aritcle_type,

'article_category':aritcle_category,

'article_arg':kwargs,#将当前的筛选条件传递给html

})

html模板

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<title>Title</title>

<style>

.container a{

display: inline-block;

padding: 3px 5px;

margin: 5px;

border: 1px solid #dddddd ;

}

.active{

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>搜索条件</h1>

<div class="container">

{% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>

{% endif %}

{% for row in article_type %}

{% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% endif %}

{% endfor %}

</div>

<div class="container">

{% if article_arg.category_id == 0 %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>

{% endif %}

{% for row in article_category %}

{% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% endif %}

{% endfor %}

</div>

<h1>查询结果</h1>

<div>

{% for row in aritcle %}

<div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>

{% endfor %}

</div>

</body>

</html>

方法二：使用simpletag实现

定义simpletag

myfilter.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

#Author:wd

from django import template

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

register=template.Library()

@register.simple_tag

def filter_all(article_arg,condition):

'''

处理条件为全部

:param article_arg: 当前url字典：如{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}

:param condition: 要处理的条件，如article_type_id，用于区分当前处理选择了那个全部

:return: 返回下面页面形式

{% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>

{% endif %}

{% for row in article_type %}

{% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% endif %}

{% endfor %}

'''

if condition=='article_type_id':

if article_arg[condition]==0:

print(article_arg['category_id'])

res= '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']

else:

res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']

return mark_safe(res)

elif condition=='category_id':

if article_arg['category_id']==0:

res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']

else:

res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']

return mark_safe(res)

@register.simple_tag

def filter_type(article_type,article_arg):

'''

:param article_type: article_type对象

:param article_arg: 当前url字典

:return:

{% for row in article_type %}

{% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% endif %}

{% endfor %}

'''

res=[]

for row in article_type:

if row.id== article_arg['article_type_id']:

temp=

'<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>'

%(row.id,article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)

else:

temp =

'<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>'

% (row.id, article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)

res.append(temp)

return mark_safe("".join(res))

@register.simple_tag

def filter_category(article_category,article_arg):

'''

:param article_type: article_category对象

:param article_arg: 当前url字典

:return:

{% for row in article_category %}

{% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}

<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% else %}

<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>

{% endif %}

{% endfor %}

'''

res=[]

for row in article_category:

if row.id== article_arg['category_id']:

temp=

'<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>'

%(article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)

else:

temp =

'<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>'

% (article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)

res.append(temp)

return mark_safe("".join(res))

html模板

{% load myfilter %}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<title>Title</title>

<style>

.container a{

display: inline-block;

padding: 3px 5px;

margin: 5px;

border: 1px solid #dddddd ;

}

.active{

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>搜索条件</h1>

<div class="container">

{% filter_all article_arg 'article_type_id' %}

{% filter_type article_type article_arg %}

</div>

<div class="container">

{% filter_all article_arg 'category_id' %}

{% filter_category article_category article_arg %}

</div>

<h1>查询结果</h1>

<div>

{% for row in aritcle %}

<div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>

{% endfor %}

</div>

</body>

</html>

ps附上简图：

四、其他变化

在如上的示例中，我们的过滤条件是从数据库中拿到，有时候我们定义的时候使用的是静态字段，此时组合搜索会稍微修改。

1.model定义

class Article(models.Model):

title=models.CharField(max_length=64)

content=models.CharField(max_length=256)

category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category')

article_type=( #使用静态字段放入内存

(1,'linux'),

(2,'python'),

(3,'go'),

)

2.处理函数变化

1 2	`###获取####` `aritcle_type=models.Article.article_type#直接获取类的静态字段`

3.simpletag相应改变

###由于我们传递的元祖，所以取值使用元祖方式

article_type[0]# 筛选条件id

article_type[1]# 筛选条件名称

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/wdliu/p/8331375.html