新功能初探 | MySQL 8.0 Multi-Valued Indexes功能简述

顾名思义，索引上对于同一个Primary key, 可以建立多个二级索引项，实际上已经对array类型的基础功能做了支持，并基于array来构建二级索引。
这意味着该二级索引的记录数可以是多于聚集索引记录数的，因而该索引不可以用于通常意义的查询，只能通过特定的接口函数来使用，下面的例子里会说明。

范例

摘录自官方文档

root@test 04:08:50>show create table customers\G
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `modified` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `custinfo` json DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `zips` ((cast(json_extract(`custinfo`,_latin1'$.zip') as unsigned array)))
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

root@test 04:08:53>select * from customers;
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | modified            | custinfo                                                          |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Jack", "user_id": 37, "zipcode": [94582, 94536]}        |
|  2 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Jill", "user_id": 22, "zipcode": [94568, 94507, 94582]} |
|  3 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Bob", "user_id": 31, "zipcode": [94477, 94536]}         |
|  4 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Mary", "user_id": 72, "zipcode": [94536]}               |
|  5 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Ted", "user_id": 56, "zipcode": [94507, 94582]}         |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

通过如下三个函数member of, json_contains, json_overlaps可以使用到该索引

root@test 04:09:00>SELECT * FROM customers WHERE 94507 MEMBER OF(custinfo->'$.zipcode');
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | modified            | custinfo                                                          |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  2 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Jill", "user_id": 22, "zipcode": [94568, 94507, 94582]} |
|  5 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Ted", "user_id": 56, "zipcode": [94507, 94582]}         |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@test 04:09:41>SELECT * FROM customers  WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(custinfo->'$.zipcode', CAST('[94507,94582]' AS JSON));
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | modified            | custinfo                                                          |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  2 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Jill", "user_id": 22, "zipcode": [94568, 94507, 94582]} |
|  5 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Ted", "user_id": 56, "zipcode": [94507, 94582]}         |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@test 04:09:54>SELECT * FROM customers   WHERE JSON_OVERLAPS(custinfo->'$.zipcode', CAST('[94507,94582]' AS JSON));
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | modified            | custinfo                                                          |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Jack", "user_id": 37, "zipcode": [94582, 94536]}        |
|  2 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Jill", "user_id": 22, "zipcode": [94568, 94507, 94582]} |
|  5 | 2019-08-14 16:08:50 | {"user": "Ted", "user_id": 56, "zipcode": [94507, 94582]}         |
+----+---------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

接口函数

multi-value index是functional index的一种实现，列的定义是一个虚拟列，值是从json column上取出来的数组。

数组上存在相同值的话，会只存储一个到索引上。支持的类型：DECIMAL, INTEGER, DATETIME,VARCHAR/CHAR。另外index上只能有一个multi-value column。
下面简单介绍下相关的接口函数

数组最大容量：

入口函数：
ha_innobase::mv_key_capacity

插入记录:

入口函数：
row_ins_sec_index_multi_value_entry
通过类Multi_value_entry_builder_insert来构建tuple, 然后调用正常的接口函数row_ins_sec_index_entry插入到二级索引中。
已经解析好，排序并去重的数据存储在结构struct multi_value_data , 指针在dfield_t::data中. multi_value_data结构也是multi-value具体值的内存表现

删除记录：

入口函数:
row_upd_del_multi_sec_index_entry
基于类Multi_value_entry_builder_normal构建tuple, 并依次从索引中删除

更新记录

入口函数：
row_upd_multi_sec_index_entry
由于可能不是所有的二级索引记录都需要更新，需要计算出diff，找出要更新的记录calc_row_difference --> innobase_get_multi_value_and_diff, 设置一个需要更新的bitmap

事务回滚

相关函数：

row_undo_ins_remove_multi_sec
row_undo_mod_upd_del_multi_sec
row_undo_mod_del_mark_multi_sec

回滚的时候通过trx_undo_rec_get_multi_value从undo log中获取multi-value column的值，通过接口Multi_value_logger::read来构建并存储到field data中

记录undo log

函数: trx_undo_store_multi_value
通过Multi_value_logger::log将multi-value的信息存储到Undo log中. 'Multi_value_logger'是一个辅助类，用于记录multi-value column的值以及如何读出来

purge 二级索引记录

入口函数:

row_purge_del_mark
row_purge_upd_exist_or_extern_func
    |--> row_purge_remove_multi_sec_if_poss

本文作者： Roin123

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