CentOS7 64位下MySQL5.7安装与配置（YUM）

1、配置YUM源

在MySQL官网中下载YUM源rpm安装包：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

# 下载mysql源安装包
shell> wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
# 安装mysql源
shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-.noarch.rpm
检查mysql源是否安装成功

shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

2、安装MySQL

shell> yum install mysql-community-server

3、启动MySQL服务

shell> systemctl start mysqld

查看MySQL的启动状态

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue -- :: CST; 2h 29min ago
     Docs: man:mysqld()
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process:  ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
  Process:  ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
 Main PID:  (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─ /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Mar  :: zabbix02 systemd[]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar  :: zabbix02 systemd[]: Started MySQL Server.

4、开机启动

shell> systemctl enable mysqld
shell> systemctl daemon-reload

5、修改root本地登录密码

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

[root@zabbix02 ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
--26T09::.349554Z  [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: oF#JhzeTb7Wx

shell> mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
或者

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass4!'); 

注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误，如下

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '';
ERROR  (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

登录mysql后必须先设置有效的密码，否则在mysql的任何操作都会出现以下错误提示：

mysql> show databases;
ERROR  (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

密码有效设置：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Aa111111#';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.02 sec)

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：

mysql> show variables like '%password%';
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             |       |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         |       |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              |       |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    |       |
| validate_password_number_count        |       |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  |       |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
 rows in set (0.04 sec)

validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要 
validate_password_length：密码最少长度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个 
validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个 
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个 
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略：

策略	检查规则
0 or LOW	Length
1 or MEDIUM	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

修改密码策略

在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置(源文件没有此项)，指定密码策略

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at % of total RAM for dedicated server, else %.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
validate_password_policy=0

如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：

validate_password = off

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld

6、添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我添加一个新的帐户：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'tijun'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'TiJun11#' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK,  rows affected,  warning (0.00 sec)

切换到mysql数据库，查看权限

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

user表中查看权限

mysql> select * from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+
| Host      | User          | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_cipher | x509_issuer | x509_subject | max_questions | max_updates | max_connections | max_user_connections | plugin                | authentication_string                     | password_expired | password_last_changed | password_lifetime | account_locked |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+
| localhost | root          | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           | Y             | Y            | Y         | Y          | Y               | Y          | Y          | Y            | Y          | Y                     | Y                | Y            | Y               | Y                | Y                | Y              | Y                   | Y                  | Y                | Y          | Y            | Y                      |          |            |             |              |              |            |                |                     | mysql_native_password | *877298E1461C92921D92A3D98972F614A2B1A8BA | N                | -- ::   |              NULL | N              |
| localhost | mysql.session | N           | N           | N           | N           | N           | N         | N           | N             | N            | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N            | Y          | N                     | N                | N            | N               | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N                | N          | N            | N                      |          |            |             |              |              |            |                |                     | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | N                | -- ::   |              NULL | Y              |
| localhost | mysql.sys     | N           | N           | N           | N           | N           | N         | N           | N             | N            | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N            | N          | N                     | N                | N            | N               | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N                | N          | N            | N                      |          |            |             |              |              |            |                |                     | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | N                | -- ::   |              NULL | Y              |
| %         | tijun         | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           | Y             | Y            | Y         | Y          | Y               | Y          | Y          | Y            | Y          | Y                     | Y                | Y            | Y               | Y                | Y                | Y              | Y                   | Y                  | Y                | Y          | Y            | Y                      |          |            |             |              |              |            |                |                     | mysql_native_password | *A88B08CC1688B23EC0EC102BE254970315F67236 | N                | -- ::   |              NULL | N              |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host | user |
+-----------+---------------+
| % | tijun |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root |
+-----------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7、配置默认编码为utf8

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示：

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重新启动mysql服务，查看数据库默认编码如下所示：

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

默认配置文件路径： 
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf 
日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log 
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service 
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid