@Resource与@Autowired注解的区别

一、写本博文的原因

年初刚加入到现在的项目时，在使用注解时我用的@Resource。后来，同事：你怎么使用@Resource注解？我：使用它有错吗？同事：没错，但是现在都使用@Autowired。我：我研究一下。

在大学，学习J2EE实训时一直使用的是@Resource注解，后来我就养成习惯了。现在对这两个注解做一下解释：

• @Resource默认按照名称方式进行bean匹配，@Autowired默认按照类型方式进行bean匹配
• @Resource(import javax.annotation.Resource;)是J2EE的注解，@Autowired( import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;)是Spring的注解

Spring属于第三方的，J2EE是Java自己的东西。使用@Resource可以减少代码和Spring之间的耦合。

二、@Resource注入

现在有一个接口Human和两个实现类ManImpl、WomanImpl，在service层的一个bean中要引用了接口Human，这种情况处理如下：

接口Human

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service;
2. public interface Human {
3. public void speak();
4. public void walk();
5. }

实现类ManImpl

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
2. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
3. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
4. @Service
5. public class ManImpl implements Human {
6. public void speak() {
7. System.out.println(" man speaking!");
8. }
9. public void walk() {
10. System.out.println(" man walking!");
11. }
12. }

实现类WomanImpl

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
2. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
3. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
4. @Service
5. public class WomanImpl implements Human {
6. public void speak() {
7. System.out.println(" woman speaking!");
8. }
9. public void walk() {
10. System.out.println(" woman walking!");
11. }
12. }

主调类SequenceServiceImpl

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
2. import java.util.Map;
3. import javax.annotation.Resource;
4. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
5. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
6. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
7. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
8. @Service
9. public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
10. @Resource
11. private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
12. public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
13. sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
14. }
15. //起服务此处会报错
16. @Resource
17. private Human human;
18. }

这时候启动tomcat会包如下错误：

严重: Exception sendingcontext initialized event to listener instance of classorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating beanwith name 'sequenceServiceImpl': Injection of resource dependencies failed;nested exception isorg.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human] is defined:expected single matching beanbut found 2: manImpl,womanImpl atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:311) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:543) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772) atorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:838) atorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:446) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:328) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:107) atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4717) atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5179)atorg.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1404) atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1394) atjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) Caused by:org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human] is defined: expectedsingle matching bean but found 2: manImpl,womanImpl atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1126) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1014) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:508) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:615) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:169) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:308) ...22 more

报错的地方给我们提示了:but found 2: manImpl,womanImpl      意思是Human有两个实现类。解决方案如下：

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
2. import java.util.Map;
3. import javax.annotation.Resource;
4. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
5. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
6. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
7. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
8. @Service
9. public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
10. @Resource
11. private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
12. public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
13. sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
14. }
15. @Resource(name = "manImpl")//注意是manImpl不是ManImpl，因为使用@Service，容器为我们创建bean时默认类名首字母小写
16. private Human human;
17. }

这样启动服务就不会报错了。如果是使用的@Autowired注解，要配上@Qualifier("manImpl")，代码如下：

1. package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
2. import java.util.Map;
3. import javax.annotation.Resource;
4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
5. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
7. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
8. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
9. import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
10. @Service
11. public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
12. @Resource
13. private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
14. public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
15. sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
16. }
17. @Autowired
18. @Qualifier("manImpl")
19. private Human human;
20. }