HBase学习之路 （三）HBase集群Shell操作

进入HBase命令行

在你安装的随意台服务器节点上，执行命令：hbase shell，会进入到你的 hbase shell 客 户端

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apps/hbase-1.2./lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7..jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7./share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7..jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 1.2., rUnknown, Mon May  :: CDT 

hbase(main)::> 

说明，先看一下提示。其实是不是有一句很重要的话：

HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell

讲述了怎么获得帮助，怎么退出客户端

help 获取帮助

　　help：获取所有命令提示

　　help "dml" ：获取一组命令的提示

　　help "put" ：获取一个单独命令的提示帮助

exit 退出 hbase shell 客户端

HBase表的操作

关于表的操作包括（创建create，查看表列表list。查看表的详细信息desc，删除表drop，清空表truncate，修改表的定义alter）

创建create

可以输入以下命令进行查看帮助命令

hbase(main)::> help 'create'

 hbase(main)::> help 'create'
 Creates a table. Pass a table name, and a set of column family
 specifications (at least one), and, optionally, table configuration.
 Column specification can be a simple string (name), or a dictionary
 (dictionaries are described below in main help output), necessarily
 including NAME attribute.
 Examples:

 Create a table with namespace=ns1 and table qualifier=t1
   hbase> create 'ns1:t1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => }

 Create a table with namespace=default and table qualifier=t1
   hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1'}, {NAME => 'f2'}, {NAME => 'f3'}
   hbase> # The above in shorthand would be the following:
   hbase> create 't1', 'f1', 'f2', 'f3'
   hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => , TTL => , BLOCKCACHE => true}
   hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1', CONFIGURATION => {'hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles' => ''}}

 Table configuration options can be put at the end.
 Examples:

   hbase> create 'ns1:t1', 'f1', SPLITS => ['', '', '', '']
   hbase> create 't1', 'f1', SPLITS => ['', '', '', '']
   hbase> create 't1', 'f1', SPLITS_FILE => 'splits.txt', OWNER => 'johndoe'
   hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => }, METADATA => { 'mykey' => 'myvalue' }
   hbase> # Optionally pre-split the table into NUMREGIONS, using
   hbase> # SPLITALGO ("HexStringSplit", "UniformSplit" or classname)
   hbase> create 't1', 'f1', {NUMREGIONS => , SPLITALGO => 'HexStringSplit'}
   hbase> create 't1', 'f1', {NUMREGIONS => , SPLITALGO => 'HexStringSplit', REGION_REPLICATION => , CONFIGURATION => {'hbase.hregion.scan.loadColumnFamiliesOnDemand' => 'true'}}
   hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1', DFS_REPLICATION => }

 You can also keep around a reference to the created table:

   hbase> t1 = create 't1', 'f1'

 Which gives you a reference to the table named 't1', on which you can then
 call methods.
 hbase(main)::> 

可以看到其中一条提示

hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1'}, {NAME => 'f2'}, {NAME => 'f3'}

其中t1是表名，f1,f2,f3是列簇的名，如：

hbase(main)::> create 'myHbase',{NAME => 'myCard',VERSIONS => 5}
 row(s) in 3.1270 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - myHbase
hbase(main)::> 

创建了一个名为myHbase的表，表里面有1个列簇，名为myCard，保留5个版本信息

查看表列表list

可以输入以下命令进行查看帮助命令

hbase(main)::> help 'list'
List all tables in hbase. Optional regular expression parameter could
be used to filter the output. Examples:

  hbase> list
  hbase> list 'abc.*'
  hbase> list 'ns:abc.*'
  hbase> list 'ns:.*'
hbase(main)::> 

直接输入list进行查看

hbase(main)::> list
TABLE
myHbase
 row(s) in 0.0650 seconds

=> ["myHbase"]
hbase(main)::> 

只有一条结果，就是刚刚创建的表myHbase

查看表的详细信息desc

一个大括号，就相当于一个列簇。

hbase(main)::> desc 'myHbase'
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'myCard', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'
, BLOCKSIZE => '', REPLICATION_SCOPE => ''}
 row(s) in 0.2160 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

修改表的定义alter

添加一个列簇

hbase(main):007:0> alter 'myHbase', NAME => 'myInfo'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.0690 seconds

hbase(main):008:0> desc 'myHbase'
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'myCard', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '5', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'
, BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'myInfo', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'
, BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.0420 seconds

hbase(main):009:0>

删除一个列簇

hbase(main)::> alter 'myHbase', NAME => 'myCard', METHOD => 'delete'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
/ regions updated.
Done.
 row(s) in 2.1920 seconds

hbase(main)::> desc 'myHbase'
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'myInfo', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'
, BLOCKSIZE => '', REPLICATION_SCOPE => ''}
 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

删除一个列簇也可以执行以下命令

alter 'myHbase', 'delete' => 'myCard'

添加列簇hehe同时删除列簇myInfo

hbase(main)::> alter 'myHbase', {NAME => 'hehe'}, {NAME => 'myInfo', METHOD => 'delete'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
/ regions updated.
Done.
Updating all regions with the new schema...
/ regions updated.
Done.
 row(s) in 3.8260 seconds

hbase(main)::> desc 'myHbase'
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'hehe', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DAT
A_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '', BLOCKCACHE => 'true',
BLOCKSIZE => '', REPLICATION_SCOPE => ''}
 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

清空表truncate

hbase(main)::> truncate 'myHbase'
Truncating 'myHbase' table (it may take a while):
 - Disabling table...
 - Truncating table...
 row(s) in 3.6760 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

删除表drop

hbase(main)::> drop 'myHbase'

ERROR: Table myHbase is enabled. Disable it first.

Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
  hbase> drop 't1'
  hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'

hbase(main)::> 

直接删除表会报错，根据提示需要先停用表

hbase(main)::> disable 'myHbase'
 row(s) in 2.2620 seconds

hbase(main)::> drop 'myHbase'
 row(s) in 1.2970 seconds

hbase(main)::> list
TABLE
 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

=> []
hbase(main)::> 

HBase表中数据的操作

关于数据的操作（增put，删delete，查get + scan,  改==变相的增加）

创建 user 表，包含 info、data 两个列簇

hbase(main)::> create 'user_info',{NAME=>'base_info',VERSIONS=>3 },{NAME=>'extra_info',VERSIONS=>1 }
 row(s) in 4.2670 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - user_info
hbase(main)::> 

增put

查看帮助，需要传入表名，rowkey，列簇名、值等

hbase(main)::> help 'put'
Put a cell 'value' at specified table/row/column and optionally
timestamp coordinates.  To put a cell value into table 'ns1:t1' or 't1'
at row 'r1' under column 'c1' marked with the time 'ts1', do:

  hbase> put 'ns1:t1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
  hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
  hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1
  hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
  hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
  hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {VISIBILITY=>'PRIVATE|SECRET'}

The same commands also can be run on a table reference. Suppose you had a reference
t to table 't1', the corresponding command would be:

  hbase> t.put 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase(main)::> 

向 user 表中插入信息，row key 为 user0001，列簇 base_info 中添加 name 列标示符，值为 zhangsan1

hbase(main)::> put 'user_info', 'user0001', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan1'
 row(s) in 0.2900 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

此处可以多添加几条数据

put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0001', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan1'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0002', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan2'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0003', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan3'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0004', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan4'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0005', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan5'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0006', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan6'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0007', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan7'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0008', 'base_info:name', 'zhangsan8'

put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0001', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0002', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0003', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0004', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0005', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0006', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0007', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0008', 'base_info:age', ''

put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0001', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0002', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0003', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0004', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0005', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0006', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'zhangsan_20150701_0007', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'

put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0001', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc1'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0002', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc2'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0003', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc3'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0004', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc4'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0005', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc5'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0006', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc6'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0007', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc7'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0008', 'base_info:name', 'baiyc8'

put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0001', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0002', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0003', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0004', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0005', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0006', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0007', 'base_info:age', ''
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0008', 'base_info:age', ''

put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0001', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0002', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0003', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0004', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0005', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0006', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0007', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'music'
put 'user_info', 'baiyc_20150716_0008', 'extra_info:Hobbies', 'sport'

查get + scan

获取 user 表中 row key 为 user0001 的所有信息

hbase(main)::> get 'user_info', 'user0001'
COLUMN                        CELL
 base_info:name               timestamp=, value=zhangsan1
 row(s) in 0.1310 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

获取user表中row key为rk0001，info列簇的所有信息

hbase(main)::> get 'user_info', 'rk0001', 'base_info'
COLUMN                        CELL
 base_info:name               timestamp=, value=zhangsan
 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

查询user_info表中的所有信息

hbase(main)::> scan 'user_info'
ROW                           COLUMN+CELL
 rk0001                       column=base_info:name, timestamp=, value=zhangsan
 user0001                     column=base_info:name, timestamp=, value=zhangsan1
 row(s) in 0.0970 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

查询user_info表中列簇为base_info的信息

hbase(main)::> scan 'user_info', {COLUMNS => 'base_info'}
ROW                           COLUMN+CELL
 rk0001                       column=base_info:name, timestamp=, value=zhangsan
 user0001                     column=base_info:name, timestamp=, value=zhangsan1
 row(s) in 0.0620 seconds

hbase(main)::> 

删delete

删除user_info表row key为rk0001，列标示符为base_info:name的数据

hbase(main)::> delete 'user_info', 'rk0001', 'base_info:name'
 row(s) in 0.0780 seconds

hbase(main)::> scan 'user_info', {COLUMNS => 'base_info'}
ROW                           COLUMN+CELL
 user0001                     column=base_info:name, timestamp=, value=zhangsan1
 row(s) in 0.0530 seconds

hbase(main)::>