java nio socket使用示例

这个示例,实现一个简单的C/S,客户端向服务器端发送消息,服务器将收到的消息打印到控制台，并将该消息返回给客户端，客户端再打印到控制台。现实的应用中需要定义发送数据使用的协议,以帮助服务器解析消息.本示例只是无差别的使用默认编码将收到的字节转换字符并打印。ByteBuffer的容量越小,对一条消息的处理次数就越多,容量大就可以在更少的循环次数内读完整个消息.所以真是的应用场景,要考虑适当的缓存大小以提高效率。

服务器端代码：

package nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; 

public class Server {
    private Selector selector;
    private ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);//调整缓存的大小可以看到打印输出的变化
    private ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);//调整缓存的大小可以看到打印输出的变化 

    String str;
    public void start() throws IOException {
        // 打开服务器套接字通道
        ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        // 服务器配置为非阻塞
        ssc.configureBlocking(false);
        // 进行服务的绑定
        ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8001)); 

        // 通过open()方法找到Selector
        selector = Selector.open();
        // 注册到selector，等待连接
        ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
            selector.select();
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();
            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
                if (!key.isValid()) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    accept(key);
                } else if (key.isReadable()) {
                    read(key);
                } else if (key.isWritable()) {
                    write(key);
                }
                keyIterator.remove(); //该事件已经处理，可以丢弃
            }
        }
    }

    private void write(SelectionKey key) throws IOException, ClosedChannelException {
        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        System.out.println("write:"+str);

        sendBuffer.clear();
        sendBuffer.put(str.getBytes());
        sendBuffer.flip();
        channel.write(sendBuffer);
        channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
    } 

    private void read(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); 

        // Clear out our read buffer so it's ready for new data
        this.readBuffer.clear();
//        readBuffer.flip();
        // Attempt to read off the channel
        int numRead;
        try {
            numRead = socketChannel.read(this.readBuffer);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // The remote forcibly closed the connection, cancel
            // the selection key and close the channel.
            key.cancel();
            socketChannel.close(); 

            return;
        } 

        str = new String(readBuffer.array(), 0, numRead);
        System.out.println(str);
        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
    } 

    private void accept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
        SocketChannel clientChannel = ssc.accept();
        clientChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        clientChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        System.out.println("a new client connected "+clientChannel.getRemoteAddress());
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("server started...");
        new Server().start();
    }
}

客户端代码：

package nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set; 

public class Client { 

    ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
    ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

    public void start() throws IOException {
        // 打开socket通道
        SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open();
        //设置为非阻塞
        sc.configureBlocking(false);
        //连接服务器地址和端口
        sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8001));
        //打开选择器
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        //注册连接服务器socket的动作
        sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT); 

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            //选择一组键，其相应的通道已为 I/O 操作准备就绪。
            //此方法执行处于阻塞模式的选择操作。
            selector.select();
            //返回此选择器的已选择键集。
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
            System.out.println("keys=" + keys.size());
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();
            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
                keyIterator.remove();
                // 判断此通道上是否正在进行连接操作。
                if (key.isConnectable()) {
                    sc.finishConnect();
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
                    System.out.println("server connected...");
                    break;
                } else if (key.isWritable()) { //写数据
                    System.out.print("please input message:");
                    String message = scanner.nextLine();
                    //ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes());
                    writeBuffer.clear();
                    writeBuffer.put(message.getBytes());
                    //将缓冲区各标志复位,因为向里面put了数据标志被改变要想从中读取数据发向服务器,就要复位
                    writeBuffer.flip();
                    sc.write(writeBuffer); 

                    //注册写操作,每个chanel只能注册一个操作，最后注册的一个生效
                    //如果你对不止一种事件感兴趣，那么可以用“位或”操作符将常量连接起来
                    //int interestSet = SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE;
                    //使用interest集合
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);

                } else if (key.isReadable()){//读取数据
                    System.out.print("receive message:");
                    SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                    //将缓冲区清空以备下次读取
                    readBuffer.clear();
                    int num = client.read(readBuffer);
                    System.out.println(new String(readBuffer.array(),0, num));
                    //注册读操作，下一次读取
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
                }
            }
        }
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        new Client().start();
    }
}