linux加载硬盘过程

查看系统可用磁盘大小：

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1        20G  7.3G   12G  39% /

tmpfs            32G   72K   32G   1% /dev/shm

查看服务器可用磁盘：

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 8192 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00026e4e

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

格式化磁盘/dev/sdc：

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfb75b574.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m --查看帮助

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu

n   add a new partition

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table

q   quit without saving changes

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit

x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n --添加一个新的分区

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p  -----主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1 ----分区号为1

First cylinder (1-51200, default 1):  ---默认从1开始

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-51200, default 51200):  --默认51200结束

Using default value 51200

Command (m for help): w  ---对以上更改报错到磁盘

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

格式化成相应文件系统类型：

查看系统磁盘分区：

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 8192 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00026e4e

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xfb75b574

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1       51200    52428784   83  Linux

格式化具体挂载分区：

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Discarding device blocks: done                            

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

3276800 inodes, 13107196 blocks

655359 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

400 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:  --回车默认即可

done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

创建挂载磁盘目录：

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# mkdir /data

挂载/dev/sdc1到目录/data：

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /data

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1        20G  7.3G   12G  39% /

tmpfs            32G   72K   32G   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sdc1        50G  180M   47G   1% /data

设置linux系统开机自动挂载磁盘：

1）查看磁盘UUID

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# blkid /dev/sdc1

/dev/sdc1: UUID="0c43e879-0e8b-4633-aa7b-d3c5a0e10614" TYPE="ext4"

2）编写/etc/fstab文件：添加最后一行信息，保存退出即可。

[root@i-mbyar7df ~]# vim /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Sat Jun 21 09:11:21 2014

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=261e0e16-2332-4716-9af4-0d0449a53c92 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1

LABEL=YUNIFYSWAP swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

UUID=0c43e879-0e8b-4633-aa7b-d3c5a0e10614  /data  ext4  defaults        0 2