Spring源码分析:非懒加载的单例Bean初始化过程(上)
上文【Spring源码分析】Bean加载流程概览,比较详细地分析了Spring上下文加载的代码入口,并且在AbstractApplicationContext的refresh方法中,点出了finishBeanFactoryInitialization方法完成了对于所有非懒加载的Bean的初始化。
finishBeanFactoryInitialization方法中调用了DefaultListableBeanFactory的preInstantiateSingletons方法,本文针对preInstantiateSingletons进行分析,解读一下Spring是如何初始化Bean实例对象出来的。
DefaultListableBeanFactory的preInstantiateSingletons方法
DefaultListableBeanFactory的preInstantiateSingletons方法,顾名思义,初始化所有的单例Bean,看一下方法的定义:
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public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException { if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) { this.logger.info("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this); } synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) { // Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions. // While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine. List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames); for (String beanName : beanNames) { RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName); if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) { if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) { final FactoryBean factory = (FactoryBean) getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName); boolean isEagerInit; if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) { isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() { public Boolean run() { return ((SmartFactoryBean) factory).isEagerInit(); } }, getAccessControlContext()); } else { isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean && ((SmartFactoryBean) factory).isEagerInit()); } if (isEagerInit) { getBean(beanName); } } else { getBean(beanName); } } } }} |
前面的代码比较简单,根据beanName拿到BeanDefinition(即Bean的定义)。由于此方法实例化的是所有非懒加载的单例Bean,因此要实例化Bean,必须满足11行的三个定义:
(1)不是抽象的
(2)必须是单例的
(3)必须是非懒加载的
接着简单看一下第12行~第29行的代码,这段代码主要做的是一件事情:首先判断一下Bean是否FactoryBean的实现,接着判断Bean是否SmartFactoryBean的实现,假如Bean是SmartFactoryBean的实现并且eagerInit(这个单词字面意思是渴望加载,找不到一个好的词语去翻译,意思就是定义了这个Bean需要立即加载的意思)的话,会立即实例化这个Bean。Java开发人员不需要关注这段代码,因为SmartFactoryBean基本不会用到,我翻译一下Spring官网对于SmartFactoryBean的定义描述:
- FactoryBean接口的扩展接口。接口实现并不表示是否总是返回单独的实例对象,比如FactoryBean.isSingleton()实现返回false的情况并不清晰地表示每次返回的都是单独的实例对象
- 不实现这个扩展接口的简单FactoryBean的实现,FactoryBean.isSingleton()实现返回false总是简单地告诉我们每次返回的都是单独的实例对象,暴露出来的对象只能够通过命令访问
- 注意:这个接口是一个有特殊用途的接口,主要用于框架内部使用与Spring相关。通常,应用提供的FactoryBean接口实现应当只需要实现简单的FactoryBean接口即可,新方法应当加入到扩展接口中去
代码示例
为了后面的代码分析方便,事先我定义一个Bean:
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package org.xrq.action;import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware;import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;public class MultiFunctionBean implements InitializingBean, BeanNameAware, BeanClassLoaderAware { private int propertyA; private int propertyB; public int getPropertyA() { return propertyA; } public void setPropertyA(int propertyA) { this.propertyA = propertyA; } public int getPropertyB() { return propertyB; } public void setPropertyB(int propertyB) { this.propertyB = propertyB; } public void initMethod() { System.out.println("Enter MultiFunctionBean.initMethod()"); } @Override public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) { System.out.println("Enter MultiFunctionBean.setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader)"); } @Override public void setBeanName(String name) { System.out.println("Enter MultiFunctionBean.setBeanName(String name)"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System.out.println("Enter MultiFunctionBean.afterPropertiesSet()"); } @Override public String toString() { return "MultiFunctionBean [propertyA=" + propertyA + ", propertyB=" + propertyB + "]"; }} |
定义对应的spring.xml:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="multiFunctionBean" class="org.xrq.action.MultiFunctionBean" init-method="initMethod" /></beans> |
利用这个MultiFunctionBean,我们可以用来探究Spring加载Bean的多种机制。
doGetBean方法构造Bean流程
上面把getBean之外的代码都分析了一下,看代码就可以知道,获取Bean对象实例,都是通过getBean方法,getBean方法最终调用的是DefaultListableBeanFactory的父类AbstractBeanFactory类的doGetBean方法,因此这部分重点分析一下doGetBean方法是如何构造出一个单例的Bean的。
看一下doGetBean方法的代码实现,比较长:
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protected <T> T doGetBean( final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException { final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name); Object bean; // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons. Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName); if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference"); } else { logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'"); } } bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null); } else { // Fail if we're already creating this bean instance: // We're assumably within a circular reference. if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName); } // Check if bean definition exists in this factory. BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory(); if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) { // Not found -> check parent. String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name); if (args != null) { // Delegation to parent with explicit args. return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args); } else { // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method. return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType); } } if (!typeCheckOnly) { markBeanAsCreated(beanName); } final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName); checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args); // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on. String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn(); if (dependsOn != null) { for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) { getBean(dependsOnBean); registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName); } } // Create bean instance. if (mbd.isSingleton()) { sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory() { public Object getObject() throws BeansException { try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } catch (BeansException ex) { // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution. // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean. destroySingleton(beanName); throw ex; } } }); bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } else if (mbd.isPrototype()) { // It's a prototype -> create a new instance. Object prototypeInstance = null; try { beforePrototypeCreation(beanName); prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } finally { afterPrototypeCreation(beanName); } bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } else { String scopeName = mbd.getScope(); final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName); if (scope == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope '" + scopeName + "'"); } try { Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory() { public Object getObject() throws BeansException { beforePrototypeCreation(beanName); try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } finally { afterPrototypeCreation(beanName); } } }); bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; " + "consider defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton", ex); } } } // Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance. if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) { try { return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType); } catch (TypeMismatchException ex) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type [" + ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "]", ex); } throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass()); } } return (T) bean;} |
首先第9行~第21行的代码,第9行的代码就不进去看了,简单说一下:首先检查一下本地的单例缓存是否已经加载过Bean,没有的话再检查earlySingleton缓存是否已经加载过Bean(又是early,不好找到词语翻译),没有的话执行后面的逻辑。
接着第26行~第50行,这里执行的都是一些基本的检查和简单的操作,包括bean是否是prototype的(prototype的Bean当前创建会抛出异常)、是否抽象的、将beanName加入alreadyCreated这个Set中等。
接着第53行~第59行,我们经常在bean标签中看到depends-on这个属性,就是通过这段保证了depends-on依赖的Bean会优先于当前Bean被加载。
接着第62行~第78行、第80行~第91行、第93行~第120行有三个判断,显然上面的MultiFunctionBean是一个单例的Bean也是本文探究的重点,因此执行第62行~第78行的逻辑。getSingleton方法不贴了,有一些前置的判断,很简单的逻辑,重点就是调用了ObjectFactory的getObject()方法来获取到单例Bean对象,方法的实现是调用了createBean方法,createBean方法是AbstractBeanFactory的子类AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的一个方法,看一下它的方法实现:
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protected Object createBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'"); } // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point. resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName); // Prepare method overrides. try { mbd.prepareMethodOverrides(); } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex); } try { // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance. Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbd); if (bean != null) { return bean; } } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex); } Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbd, args); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'"); } return beanInstance;} |
前面的代码都没什么意义,代码执行到第31行:
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protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) { // Instantiate the bean. BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null; if (mbd.isSingleton()) { instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName); } if (instanceWrapper == null) { instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args); } final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null); Class beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null); // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition. synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) { if (!mbd.postProcessed) { applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName); mbd.postProcessed = true; } } // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware. boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)); if (earlySingletonExposure) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName + "' to allow for resolving potential circular references"); } addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory() { public Object getObject() throws BeansException { return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean); } }); } // Initialize the bean instance. Object exposedObject = bean; try { populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); if (exposedObject != null) { exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd); } } catch (Throwable ex) { if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) { throw (BeanCreationException) ex; } else { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex); } } if (earlySingletonExposure) { Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false); if (earlySingletonReference != null) { if (exposedObject == bean) { exposedObject = earlySingletonReference; } else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) { String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName); Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(dependentBeans.length); for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) { if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) { actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean); } } if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" + StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) + "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " + "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " + "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " + "'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example."); } } } } // Register bean as disposable. try { registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd); } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex); } return exposedObject;} |
代码跟踪到这里,已经到了主流程,接下来分段分析doCreateBean方法的代码。
创建Bean实例
第8行的createBeanInstance方法,会创建出Bean的实例,并包装为BeanWrapper,看一下createBeanInstance方法,只贴最后一段比较关键的:
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// Need to determine the constructor...Constructor[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);if (ctors != null || mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR || mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) { return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);}// No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd); |
意思是bean标签使用构造函数注入属性的话,执行第6行,否则执行第10行。MultiFunctionBean使用默认构造函数,使用setter注入属性,因此执行第10行代码:
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protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd) { try { Object beanInstance; final BeanFactory parent = this; if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { beanInstance = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() { public Object run() { return getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent); } }, getAccessControlContext()); } else { beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent); } BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance); initBeanWrapper(bw); return bw; } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Instantiation of bean failed", ex); }} |
代码执行到13行:
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public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, String beanName, BeanFactory owner) { // Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides. if (beanDefinition.getMethodOverrides().isEmpty()) { Constructor<?> constructorToUse; synchronized (beanDefinition.constructorArgumentLock) { constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) beanDefinition.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod; if (constructorToUse == null) { final Class clazz = beanDefinition.getBeanClass(); if (clazz.isInterface()) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface"); } try { if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor>() { public Constructor run() throws Exception { return clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null); } }); } else { constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null); } beanDefinition.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex); } } } return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse); } else { // Must generate CGLIB subclass. return instantiateWithMethodInjection(beanDefinition, beanName, owner); }} |
整段代码都在做一件事情,就是选择一个使用的构造函数。当然第9行顺带做了一个判断:实例化一个接口将报错。
最后调用到30行,看一下代码:
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public static <T> T instantiateClass(Constructor<T> ctor, Object... args) throws BeanInstantiationException { Assert.notNull(ctor, "Constructor must not be null"); try { ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(ctor); return ctor.newInstance(args); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(), "Is it an abstract class?", ex); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(), "Is the constructor accessible?", ex); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(), "Illegal arguments for constructor", ex); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(), "Constructor threw exception", ex.getTargetException()); }} |
通过反射生成Bean的实例。看到前面有一步makeAccessible,这意味着即使Bean的构造函数是private、protected的,依然不影响Bean的构造。
最后注意一下,这里被实例化出来的Bean并不会直接返回,而是会被包装为BeanWrapper继续在后面使用。
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