【MySQL】Linux下mysql安装全过程——小白入门篇（含有问题详解）

本次安装操作在申请的腾讯云上实现（版本：CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) ）。

根据教程实现（中途各种挖坑，填坑。。。），地址：http://www.runoob.com/linux/mysql-install-setup.html

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MySQL 安装

一、安装编译工具及库文件

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

二、 安装cmake 编译器

cmake 版本：cmake-3.1.1。

1、下载地址：http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

$ wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

$ tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

$ cd cmake-3.1.1

4、编译安装

$ ./bootstrap $ make && make install

三、安装 MySQL

MySQL版本：mysql-5.6.15。

1、下载地址： http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

本人下载安装包路径：/usr/local （严重影响以后各配置路径）

$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

$ cd mysql-5.6.15

4、编译安装

$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 $ make && make install

5、查看mysql版本:

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql --version

MySQL 配置

1、创建mysql运行使用的用户mysql：

$ /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql $ /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

2、创建binlog和库的存储路径并赋予mysql用户权限

$ mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql $ chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/

3、创建my.cnf配置文件

将/etc/my.cnf替换为下面内容

（建议将原文件重命名，再新创建这个名字的文件，将下面内容粘贴进去，其中datadir 是数据库存放的位置，默认/var/lib/mysql）

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /www/data_mysql
log-error = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 1024
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 600
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog-do-db=oa_fb
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 10
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
loose-innodb-trx=0 
loose-innodb-locks=0 
loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 
loose-innodb-cmp=0 
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 
loose-innodb-metrics=0 
loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 
loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-config=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 
loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 
loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 
loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0

slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_slow.log
long_query_time = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

4、初始化数据库

$/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysql

上面语法报错FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults

问题原因：操作时绝对路径下找不到该文件，改成相对路径下执行

解决方法：切换到安装目录路径（/usr/local/webserver/mysql）下执行

./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql

5、创建开机启动脚本

$ cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/ $ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld  $ chkconfig --add mysqld  $ chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on

6、启动mysql服务器

$ service mysqld start

上面语法报错 The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid).

问题原因：查看路径下没有文件mysql.pid，mysql所有者是root，mysql用户没有创建权限

解决方法：将mysql文件夹下的所有者给mysql，chown -R mysql:mysql mysql

7、连接 MySQL

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

root用户下没有密码，或者直接su mysql 进入

客户端连接服务器

使用Navicat连接mysql时报错，主机不允许连接服务器。

1.连接MySQL

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

2.设置连接信息

用户：mysql使用密码：mypassword从任何主机连接到mysql服务器

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mysql'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

如果你想允许用户myuser从ip为192.168.2.3的主机连接到mysql服务器，并使用mypassword作为密码

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'192.168.2.3' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

其他命令

• 启动：service mysqld start
• 停止：service mysqld stop
• 重启：service mysqld restart
• 重载配置：service mysqld reload
• 查看进程 ps -elf | grep mysqld