jenkins持续集成（一）： 在Linux下的安装与配置

撸了今年阿里、网易和美团的面试，我有一个重要发现.......>>>

前提：

• 安装了JDK，并配置好环境变量：JAVA_HOME
• 安装了Maven，并配置好环境变量：MAVEN_HOME
• 如果JDK、Maven的安装有疑问，可以参考我之前的博客！

环境：

• 操作系统：CentOS 7.4 64位
• JDK：jdk-8u152-linux-x64.tar.gz
• Maven：apache-maven-3.5.2-bin.tar.gz

具体安装目录如下，大家可以根据需要进行安装，因为后面配置Jenkins需要这些路径，所以展示下，省的有其他路径的疑问！

[root@aliyun-abxiao software]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_152"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_152-b16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.152-b16, mixed mode)

[root@aliyun-abxiao software]# mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.5.2 (138edd61fd100ec658bfa2d307c43b76940a5d7d; 2017-10-18T15:58:13+08:00)
Maven home: /kevin/software/apache-maven-3.5.2
Java version: 1.8.0_152, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_152/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

Jenkins的安装与配置步骤：

1.添加Jenkins的源（repository）

[root@centos7.4 software]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins.repo 

--2017-11-21 11:08:41--  http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins.repo
Resolving pkg.jenkins-ci.org (pkg.jenkins-ci.org)... 52.202.51.185
Connecting to pkg.jenkins-ci.org (pkg.jenkins-ci.org)|52.202.51.185|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 71
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’

100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================================>] 71          --.-K/s   in 0s      

2017-11-21 11:08:42 (12.5 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ saved [71/71]

[root@centos7.4 software]# rpm --import http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins-ci.org.key

2.如果你没有安装JDK，则需要先安装JDK，如果已经安装了，请忽略这一步！

[root@centos7.4 software]# sudo yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk

3.安装Jenkins

[root@centos7.4 software]# sudo yum install jenkins

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
jenkins                                                                                                                                                                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
jenkins/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                        | 104 kB  00:00:13
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jenkins.noarch 0:2.91-1.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                               Arch                                                 Version                                                  Repository                                             Size
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 jenkins                                               noarch                                               2.91-1.1                                                 jenkins                                                71 M

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 71 M
Installed size: 71 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
jenkins-2.91-1.1.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                               |  71 MB  00:00:08
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : jenkins-2.91-1.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                       1/1
  Verifying  : jenkins-2.91-1.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                       1/1 

Installed:
  jenkins.noarch 0:2.91-1.1                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Complete!

Jenkins安装完成之后，有如下目录：

3.1./usr/lib/jenkins/：jenkins安装目录，WAR包会放在这里。

[root@aliyun-abxiao software]# cd /usr/lib/jenkins/
[root@aliyun-abxiao jenkins]# ll
total 72556
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74296449 Nov 21 00:50 jenkins.war

3.1./etc/sysconfig/jenkins：jenkins配置文件，“端口”，“JENKINS_HOME”等都可以在这里配置。内容如下：

[root@centos7.4 software]# vi /etc/sysconfig/jenkins

## Path:        Development/Jenkins
## Description: Jenkins Automation Server
## Type:        string
## Default:     "/var/lib/jenkins"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Directory where Jenkins store its configuration and working
# files (checkouts, build reports, artifacts, ...).
#
JENKINS_HOME="/var/lib/jenkins"

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Java executable to run Jenkins
# When left empty, we'll try to find the suitable Java.
#
JENKINS_JAVA_CMD=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     "jenkins"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Unix user account that runs the Jenkins daemon
#
JENKINS_USER="jenkins"

## Type:        string
## Default: "false"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Whether to skip potentially long-running chown at the
# $JENKINS_HOME location. Do not enable this, "true", unless
# you know what you're doing. See JENKINS-23273.
#
#JENKINS_INSTALL_SKIP_CHOWN="false"

## Type: string
## Default:     "-Djava.awt.headless=true"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Options to pass to java when running Jenkins.
#
JENKINS_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Djava.awt.headless=true"

## Type:        integer(0:65535)
## Default:     8080
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Port Jenkins is listening on.
# Set to -1 to disable
#
JENKINS_PORT="8080"

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# IP address Jenkins listens on for HTTP requests.
# Default is all interfaces (0.0.0.0).
#
JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS=""

## Type:        integer(0:65535)
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# HTTPS port Jenkins is listening on.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Path to the keystore in JKS format (as created by the JDK 'keytool').
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Password to access the keystore defined in JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# IP address Jenkins listens on for HTTPS requests.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS=""

## Type:        integer(1:9)
## Default:     5
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Debug level for logs -- the higher the value, the more verbose.
# 5 is INFO.
#
JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL="5"

## Type:        yesno
## Default:     no
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Whether to enable access logging or not.
#
JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG="no"

## Type:        integer
## Default:     100
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Maximum number of HTTP worker threads.
#
JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX="100"

## Type:        integer
## Default:     20
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Maximum number of idle HTTP worker threads.
#
JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE="20"

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Pass arbitrary arguments to Jenkins.
# Full option list: java -jar jenkins.war --help
#
JENKINS_ARGS=""

3.3./var/lib/jenkins/：默认的JENKINS_HOME。

3.4./var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log：Jenkins日志文件。

4.启动Jenkins

[root@centos7.4 software]# sudo service jenkins start 或者# systemctl start jenkins.service

5.启动Jenkins时，可能是会出现错误的，因为java的安装路径和Jenkins服务启动默认的java路径可能是不一样的，所以，会出现错误！比如：

[root@aliyun-abxiao jenkins]# sudo service jenkins start
Starting jenkins (via systemctl):  Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
                                                           [FAILED]
[root@aliyun-abxiao jenkins]# systemctl status jenkins.service
● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2017-11-21 11:42:30 CST; 1min 39s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 14949 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao runuser[14954]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao jenkins[14949]: Starting Jenkins bash: /usr/bin/java: No such file or directory
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: jenkins.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao jenkins[14949]: [FAILED]
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: Unit jenkins.service entered failed state.
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: jenkins.service failed.

可以看到上面的错误提示，找不到或者没有/usr/bin/java这个目录，就可以确定是Jenkins启动服务的java路径还是默认的，并不是我们自己安装jdk是的路径，所以，我们需要把文件/etc/init.d/jenkins中的路径修改过来：我们只需要将

candidates="
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java  这个是修改后的（修改前是/usr/bin/java）
"

的最后一行中的路径修改成你jdk的安装路径即可

[root@centos7.4 lib]# vi /etc/init.d/jenkins

#!/bin/sh
#
#     SUSE system statup script for Jenkins
#     Copyright (C) 2007  Pascal Bleser
#
#     This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#     under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#     the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
#     your option) any later version.
#
#     This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
#     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
#     Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
#     You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
#     License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
#     Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
#     USA.
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          jenkins
# Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network $time $named
# Should-Start: $time sendmail
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network $time $named
# Should-Stop: $time sendmail
# Default-Start:     3 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 2 6
# Short-Description: Jenkins Automation Server
# Description:       Jenkins Automation Server
### END INIT INFO

# Check for missing binaries (stale symlinks should not happen)
JENKINS_WAR="/usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war"
test -r "$JENKINS_WAR" || { echo "$JENKINS_WAR not installed";
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
        else exit 5; fi; }

# Check for existence of needed config file and read it
JENKINS_CONFIG=/etc/sysconfig/jenkins
test -e "$JENKINS_CONFIG" || { echo "$JENKINS_CONFIG not existing";
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
        else exit 6; fi; }
test -r "$JENKINS_CONFIG" || { echo "$JENKINS_CONFIG not readable. Perhaps you forgot 'sudo'?";
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
        else exit 6; fi; }

JENKINS_PID_FILE="/var/run/jenkins.pid"

# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions

# Read config
[ -f "$JENKINS_CONFIG" ] && . "$JENKINS_CONFIG"

# Set up environment accordingly to the configuration settings
[ -n "$JENKINS_HOME" ] || { echo "JENKINS_HOME not configured in $JENKINS_CONFIG";
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
        else exit 6; fi; }
[ -d "$JENKINS_HOME" ] || { echo "JENKINS_HOME directory does not exist: $JENKINS_HOME";
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
        else exit 1; fi; }

# Search usable Java as /usr/bin/java might not point to minimal version required by Jenkins.
# see http://www.nabble.com/guinea-pigs-wanted-----Hudson-RPM-for-RedHat-Linux-td25673707.html
candidates="
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java
"
for candidate in $candidates
do
  [ -x "$JENKINS_JAVA_CMD" ] && break
  JENKINS_JAVA_CMD="$candidate"
done

JAVA_CMD="$JENKINS_JAVA_CMD $JENKINS_JAVA_OPTIONS -DJENKINS_HOME=$JENKINS_HOME -jar $JENKINS_WAR"
PARAMS="--logfile=/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log --webroot=/var/cache/jenkins/war --daemon"
[ -n "$JENKINS_PORT" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpPort=$JENKINS_PORT"
[ -n "$JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpListenAddress=$JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsPort=$JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsKeyStore=$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsKeyStorePassword='$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD'"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsListenAddress=$JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS"
[ -n "$JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --debug=$JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HANDLER_STARTUP" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --handlerCountStartup=$JENKINS_HANDLER_STARTUP"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --handlerCountMax=$JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --handlerCountMaxIdle=$JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE"
[ -n "$JENKINS_ARGS" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS $JENKINS_ARGS"

if [ "$JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG" = "yes" ]; then
    PARAMS="$PARAMS --accessLoggerClassName=winstone.accesslog.SimpleAccessLogger --simpleAccessLogger.format=combined --simpleAccessLogger.file=/var/log/jenkins/access_log"
fi

RETVAL=0

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo -n "Starting Jenkins "
        daemon --user "$JENKINS_USER" --pidfile "$JENKINS_PID_FILE" $JAVA_CMD $PARAMS > /dev/null
        RETVAL=$?
        if [ $RETVAL = 0 ]; then
            success
            echo > "$JENKINS_PID_FILE"  # just in case we fail to find it
            MY_SESSION_ID=`/bin/ps h -o sess -p $$`
            # get PID
            /bin/ps hww -u "$JENKINS_USER" -o sess,ppid,pid,cmd | \
            while read sess ppid pid cmd; do
                [ "$ppid" = 1 ] || continue
                # this test doesn't work because Jenkins sets a new Session ID
                # [ "$sess" = "$MY_SESSION_ID" ] || continue
                echo "$cmd" | grep $JENKINS_WAR > /dev/null
                [ $? = 0 ] || continue
                # found a PID
                echo $pid > "$JENKINS_PID_FILE"
            done
        else
            failure
        fi
        echo
        ;;
    stop)
        echo -n "Shutting down Jenkins "
        killproc jenkins
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        ;;
    try-restart|condrestart)
        if test "$1" = "condrestart"; then
                echo "${attn} Use try-restart ${done}(LSB)${attn} rather than condrestart ${warn}(RH)${norm}"
        fi
        $0 status
        if test $? = 0; then
                $0 restart
        else
                : # Not running is not a failure.
        fi
        ;;
    restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
    force-reload)
        echo -n "Reload service Jenkins "
        $0 try-restart
        ;;
    reload)
        $0 restart
        ;;
    status)
        status jenkins
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
    probe)
        ## Optional: Probe for the necessity of a reload, print out the
        ## argument to this init script which is required for a reload.
        ## Note: probe is not (yet) part of LSB (as of 1.9)

        test "$JENKINS_CONFIG" -nt "$JENKINS_PID_FILE" && echo reload
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|try-restart|restart|force-reload|reload|probe}"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac
exit $RETVAL

注意：出现错误可能是端口占用，我们可以先检查Jenkins的默认8080启动端口是否被占用，然后再杀死这个进程（不推荐），或者选择将/etc/sysconfig/jenkins配置文件中的启动端口8080改成其他的端口号！

[root@centos7.4 software]# netstat -apn                查看当前运行的所有进程的端口使用情况

[root@centos7.4 software]# netstat -apn | grep 端口号   查看指定端口使用情况

[root@centos7.4 software]# kill 指定端口的pid号          杀死指定进程（端口号对应的pid）

6.再次运行Jenkins就可以成功运行了！

[root@centos7.4 software]# systemctl start jenkins.service
Warning: jenkins.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.

[root@centos7.4 software]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@centos7.4 software]# systemctl start jenkins.service

7.这时就可以访问IP:8080，就可以访问Jenkins的主页了！这个时候我们去查这个目录下查看管理员密码/var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword，并输入到输入框中！

[root@centos7.4 software]# vi /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

8.输入管理员密码，点击Continute进入下一步，需要选择是安装推荐的插件还是自定义选择安装的插件，我这里选择默认推荐的，然后继续下一步：

9.然后就开始下载插件了，如图：

10.等上图中所有的插件下载并安装完成，进入下一步，创建第一个管理员用户（根据自己喜欢创建即可），保存完成：

11.点击保存完成后，可以看到Jenkins安装已经完成，可以开始使用Jenkins：

12.点击开始使用就可以进入Jenkin的管理页面了，并且默认使用刚刚创建的第一个管理员用户登录的：

到此，Jenkins的安装和基本的设置就完成了！其他设置可查看本人其他相关博文！