yum install --downloadonly 下载依赖包研究
在CentOS中可以使用yum自动安装软件，在离线环境中却行不通。
- Linux localhost 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
对于同一版本CentOS，我们可以事先下载离线依赖包，后面用命令手动安装。
- Java
自动安装命令：
yum install -y java
安装结果：
Installed:
java-1.8.-openjdk.x86_64 :1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3
Dependency Installed:
copy-jdk-configs.noarch :1.2-.el7 fontconfig.x86_64 :2.10.-.el7
fontpackages-filesystem.noarch :1.44-.el7 giflib.x86_64 :4.1.-.el7
java-1.8.-openjdk-headless.x86_64 :1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3 javapackages-tools.noarch :3.4.-.el7
libICE.x86_64 :1.0.-.el7 libSM.x86_64 :1.2.-.el7
libX11.x86_64 :1.6.-.el7 libX11-common.noarch :1.6.-.el7
libXau.x86_64 :1.0.-2.1.el7 libXcomposite.x86_64 :0.4.-4.1.el7
libXext.x86_64 :1.3.-.el7 libXfont.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7
libXi.x86_64 :1.7.-.el7 libXrender.x86_64 :0.9.-2.1.el7
libXtst.x86_64 :1.2.-2.1.el7 libfontenc.x86_64 :1.1.-.el7
libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 :1.2.-.el7 libpng.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7_2
libxcb.x86_64 :1.11-.el7 libxslt.x86_64 :1.1.-.el7
lksctp-tools.x86_64 :1.0.-.el7 python-javapackages.noarch :3.4.-.el7
python-lxml.x86_64 :3.2.-.el7 ttmkfdir.x86_64 :3.0.-.el7
tzdata-java.noarch :2017b-.el7 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 :7.5-.el7
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch :7.5-.el7
如果手动去一个个找依赖是很困难的，即便已经知道名字、版本，下面就依赖系统自带的命令完成该步骤
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/home/java java
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors..com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.-openjdk.x86_64 :1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.-openjdk-headless = :1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3 for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.)(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.(LIBJPEG_6.)(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjli.so(SUNWprivate_1.)(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.)(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: fontconfig(x86-) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjli.so()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libawt.so()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXtst.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXrender.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXi.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXext.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXcomposite.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.()(64bit) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 :2.10.-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.10.-.el7.x86_64
---> Package giflib.x86_64 :4.1.-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libSM.so.()(64bit) for package: giflib-4.1.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libICE.so.()(64bit) for package: giflib-4.1.-.el7.x86_64
---> Package java-1.8.-openjdk-headless.x86_64 :1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2015d for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: copy-jdk-configs >= 1.1- for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: lksctp-tools(x86-) for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: :java-1.8.-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64
---> Package libX11.x86_64 :1.6.-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.-.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64
---> Package libXcomposite.x86_64 :0.4.-4.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXext.x86_64 :1.3.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXi.x86_64 :1.7.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXrender.x86_64 :0.9.-2.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXtst.x86_64 :1.2.-2.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 :1.2.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libpng.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7_2 will be installed
---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch :7.5-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package copy-jdk-configs.noarch :1.2-.el7 will be installed
---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch :1.44-.el7 will be installed
---> Package javapackages-tools.noarch :3.4.-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-javapackages = 3.4.-.el7 for package: javapackages-tools-3.4.-.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt for package: javapackages-tools-3.4.-.el7.noarch
---> Package libICE.x86_64 :1.0.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libSM.x86_64 :1.2.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libX11-common.noarch :1.6.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxcb.x86_64 :1.11-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.11-.el7.x86_64
---> Package lksctp-tools.x86_64 :1.0.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package ttmkfdir.x86_64 :3.0.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package tzdata-java.noarch :2017b-.el7 will be installed
---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 :7.5-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.()(64bit) for package: :xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXfont.so.()(64bit) for package: :xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXau.x86_64 :1.0.-2.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXfont.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 :1.1.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxslt.x86_64 :1.1.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-javapackages.noarch :3.4.-.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-lxml for package: python-javapackages-3.4.-.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-lxml.x86_64 :3.2.-.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
java-1.8.-openjdk x86_64 :1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3 updates k
Installing for dependencies:
copy-jdk-configs noarch 1.2-.el7 base k
fontconfig x86_64 2.10.-.el7 base k
fontpackages-filesystem noarch 1.44-.el7 base 9.9 k
giflib x86_64 4.1.-.el7 base k
java-1.8.-openjdk-headless x86_64 :1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3 updates M
javapackages-tools noarch 3.4.-.el7 base k
libICE x86_64 1.0.-.el7 base k
libSM x86_64 1.2.-.el7 base k
libX11 x86_64 1.6.-.el7 base k
libX11-common noarch 1.6.-.el7 base k
libXau x86_64 1.0.-2.1.el7 base k
libXcomposite x86_64 0.4.-4.1.el7 base k
libXext x86_64 1.3.-.el7 base k
libXfont x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base k
libXi x86_64 1.7.-.el7 base k
libXrender x86_64 0.9.-2.1.el7 base k
libXtst x86_64 1.2.-2.1.el7 base k
libfontenc x86_64 1.1.-.el7 base k
libjpeg-turbo x86_64 1.2.-.el7 base k
libpng x86_64 :1.5.-.el7_2 base k
libxcb x86_64 1.11-.el7 base k
libxslt x86_64 1.1.-.el7 base k
lksctp-tools x86_64 1.0.-.el7 base k
python-javapackages noarch 3.4.-.el7 base k
python-lxml x86_64 3.2.-.el7 base k
ttmkfdir x86_64 3.0.-.el7 base k
tzdata-java noarch 2017b-.el7 updates k
xorg-x11-font-utils x86_64 :7.5-.el7 base k
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 noarch 7.5-.el7 base k Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================
Install Package (+ Dependent packages) Total download size: M
Installed size: M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
(/): copy-jdk-configs-1.2-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
(/): fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-.el7.noarch.rpm | 9.9 kB ::
(/): java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): javapackages-tools-3.4.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
(/): giflib-4.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libSM-1.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libICE-1.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libX11-common-1.6.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
(/): libXau-1.0.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libXext-1.3.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libXi-1.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libXrender-0.9.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libXtst-1.2.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libfontenc-1.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libXfont-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libXcomposite-0.4.-4.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libpng-1.5.-.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libxcb-1.11-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): libxslt-1.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): lksctp-tools-1.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): python-javapackages-3.4.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
(/): libjpeg-turbo-1.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): ttmkfdir-3.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): fontconfig-2.10.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): tzdata-java-2017b-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
(/): python-lxml-3.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
(/): java-1.8.-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64.rpm | MB ::
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.9 MB/s | MB ::
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@localhost ~]# ls /home/java/ -al
total
drwxr-xr-x. root root Apr : .
drwxr-xr-x. root root Apr : ..
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov : copy-jdk-configs-1.2-.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov : fontconfig-2.10.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul giflib-4.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jan : java-1.8.-openjdk-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jan : java-1.8.-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.121-.b13.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov javapackages-tools-3.4.-.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov libfontenc-1.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov libICE-1.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul libjpeg-turbo-1.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Dec libpng-1.5.-.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov libSM-1.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov : libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov : libX11-common-1.6.-.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul libXau-1.0.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov libxcb-1.11-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul libXcomposite-0.4.-4.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov libXext-1.3.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov libXfont-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov libXi-1.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul libXrender-0.9.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul libxslt-1.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul libXtst-1.2.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov : lksctp-tools-1.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov python-javapackages-3.4.-.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul python-lxml-3.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov ttmkfdir-3.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Mar : tzdata-java-2017b-.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Jul xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. root root Nov xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-.el7.x86_64.rpm
从download的过程来看，30个rpm需要按照，其中有3个为updates；
我们将update单独列出，这里需要在java目录新建update目录，然后将三个update类型rpm移动过去，最终形成文件树如下：
[root@localhost java]# tree
.
├── copy-jdk-configs-1.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
├── fontconfig-2.10.95-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm
├── giflib-4.1.6-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── install.sh
├── javapackages-tools-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch.rpm
├── libfontenc-1.1.2-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libICE-1.0.9-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
├── libSM-1.2.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libX11-1.6.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libX11-common-1.6.3-3.el7.noarch.rpm
├── libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libxcb-1.11-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libXcomposite-0.4.4-4.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libXfont-1.5.1-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libXrender-0.9.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── lksctp-tools-1.0.17-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── python-javapackages-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch.rpm
├── python-lxml-3.2.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── ttmkfdir-3.0.9-42.el7.x86_64.rpm
├── update
│ ├── java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
│ ├── java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
│ └── tzdata-java-2017b-1.el7.noarch.rpm
├── xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-9.el7.noarch.rpm
└── xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-20.el7.x86_64.rpm
在同层目录，创建install.sh
[root@localhost java]# cat install.sh
#author : wangbaobao
#release : --
#company : YZ Co., LTD rpm -ivh *.rpm
rpm -Uvh update/*.rpm
测试：
[root@localhost java]# chmod install.sh
[root@localhost java]# sh install.sh
Preparing... ################################# [%]
Updating / installing...
:libxslt-1.1.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libICE-1.0.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libfontenc-1.1.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libXfont-1.5.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:xorg-x11-font-utils-:7.5-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libSM-1.2.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:python-lxml-3.2.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:python-javapackages-3.4.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:ttmkfdir-3.0.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libXau-1.0.-2.1.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libxcb-1.11-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libX11-common-1.6.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libX11-1.6.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libXext-1.3.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libXi-1.7.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-.el################################# [ %]
:fontconfig-2.10.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libXtst-1.2.-2.1.el7 ################################# [ %]
:giflib-4.1.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libXcomposite-0.4.-4.1.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libXrender-0.9.-2.1.el7 ################################# [ %]
:javapackages-tools-3.4.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:lksctp-tools-1.0.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:libpng-:1.5.-.el7_2 ################################# [ %]
:libjpeg-turbo-1.2.-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:copy-jdk-configs-1.2-.el7 ################################# [%]
Preparing... ################################# [%]
Updating / installing...
:tzdata-java-2017b-.el7 ################################# [ %]
:java-1.8.-openjdk-headless-:1.8################################# [ %]
:java-1.8.-openjdk-:1.8.0.121-.################################# [%]
[root@localhost java]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_121"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_121-b13)
OpenJDK -Bit Server VM (build 25.121-b13, mixed mode)
综上所述，可以通过预先下载依赖，快速完成1.8.0_121版本java的离线安装。
有个小问题，install.sh中rpm是先执行安装base还是updates?
===> 从目前来看，如果主文件为base则先安装updates，如果主文件为updates则先安装base。java主文件为update，所以shell中先执行base安装。
bye
2017-4-6
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