Java集合之TreeSet

TreeSet是一个有序的集合，它的作用是提供有序的Set集合。它继承了AbstractSet抽象类，实现了NavigableSet<E>，Cloneable，Serializable接口。TreeSet是基于TreeMap实现的，TreeSet的元素支持2种排序方式：自然排序或者根据提供的Comparator进行排序。

TreeSet的接口依赖图：

从图中可以看出：

（1）TreeSet继承于AbstractSet，并且实现了NavigableSet接口。

（2）TreeSet是一个包含有序的且没有重复元素的集合，通过TreeMap实现。

TreeSet的主要函数：

boolean add(E object)
boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> collection)
void    clear()
Object  clone()
boolean contains(Object object)
E   first()
boolean isEmpty()
E last()
E pollFirst()
E pollLast()
E lower(E e)
E floor(E e)
E ceiling(E e)
E higher(E e)
boolean remove(Object object)
int size()
Comparator<? super E> comparator()
Iterator<E> iterator()
Iterator<E> descendingIterator()
SortedSet<E> headSet(E end)
NavigableSet<E> descendingSet()
NavigableSet<E> headSet(E end, boolean endInclusive)
SortedSet<E> subSet(E start, E end)
NavigableSet<E> subSet(E start, boolean startInclusive, E end, boolean endInclusive)
NavigableSet<E> tailSet(E start, boolean startInclusive)
SortedSet<E> tailSet(E start)

TreeSet遍历方式：

（1）迭代器顺序遍历方式：

for(Iterator iter = set.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); )
{
    iter.next();
} 

（2）迭代器倒序遍历方式：

for(Iterator iter = set.descendingIterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) 
{
    iter.next();
}

（3）foreach遍历HashSet

String[] arr = (String[])set.toArray(new String[0]);
for (String str:arr)
{
    System.out.printf("for each : %s\n", str);
}

TreeSet示例代码：

public class Hello {

public static void main(String[] args) {
testTreeSetAPIs();
}

// 测试TreeSet的api
public static void testTreeSetAPIs() {
        String val;

// 新建TreeSet
TreeSet tSet = new TreeSet();
// 将元素添加到TreeSet中
tSet.add("aaa");
// Set中不允许重复元素，所以只会保存一个“aaa”
tSet.add("aaa");
tSet.add("bbb");
tSet.add("eee");
tSet.add("ddd");
tSet.add("ccc");
System.out.println("TreeSet:"+tSet);

// 打印TreeSet的实际大小
System.out.printf("size : %d\n", tSet.size());

// 导航方法
// floor(小于、等于)
System.out.printf("floor bbb: %s\n", tSet.floor("bbb"));
// lower(小于)
System.out.printf("lower bbb: %s\n", tSet.lower("bbb"));
// ceiling(大于、等于)
System.out.printf("ceiling bbb: %s\n", tSet.ceiling("bbb"));
System.out.printf("ceiling eee: %s\n", tSet.ceiling("eee"));
// ceiling(大于)
System.out.printf("higher bbb: %s\n", tSet.higher("bbb"));
// subSet()
System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, true, ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", true, "ccc", true));
System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, true, ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", true, "ccc", false));
System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, false, ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", false, "ccc", true));
System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, false, ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", false, "ccc", false));
// headSet()
System.out.printf("headSet(ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.headSet("ccc", true));
System.out.printf("headSet(ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.headSet("ccc", false));
// tailSet()
System.out.printf("tailSet(ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.tailSet("ccc", true));
System.out.printf("tailSet(ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.tailSet("ccc", false));
// 删除“ccc”
tSet.remove("ccc");
// 将Set转换为数组
String[] arr = (String[])tSet.toArray(new String[0]);
        for (String str:arr)
            System.out.printf("for each : %s\n", str);

// 打印TreeSet
System.out.printf("TreeSet:%s\n", tSet);

// 遍历TreeSet
for(Iterator iter = tSet.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
            System.out.printf("iter : %s\n", iter.next());
}

// 删除并返回第一个元素
val = (String)tSet.pollFirst();
System.out.printf("pollFirst=%s, set=%s\n", val, tSet);

// 删除并返回最后一个元素
val = (String)tSet.pollLast();
System.out.printf("pollLast=%s, set=%s\n", val, tSet);

// 清空HashSet
tSet.clear();

// 输出HashSet是否为空
System.out.printf("%s\n", tSet.isEmpty()?"set is empty":"set is not empty");
}
}

基于Java8的TreeSet源码分析：

public class Hello {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        testTreeSetAPIs();
    }

    // 测试TreeSet的api
    public static void testTreeSetAPIs() {
        String val;

        // 新建TreeSet
        TreeSet tSet = new TreeSet();
        // 将元素添加到TreeSet中
        tSet.add("aaa");
        // Set中不允许重复元素，所以只会保存一个“aaa”
        tSet.add("aaa");
        tSet.add("bbb");
        tSet.add("eee");
        tSet.add("ddd");
        tSet.add("ccc");
        System.out.println("TreeSet:"+tSet);

        // 打印TreeSet的实际大小
        System.out.printf("size : %d\n", tSet.size());

        // 导航方法
        // floor(小于、等于)
        System.out.printf("floor bbb: %s\n", tSet.floor("bbb"));
        // lower(小于)
        System.out.printf("lower bbb: %s\n", tSet.lower("bbb"));
        // ceiling(大于、等于)
        System.out.printf("ceiling bbb: %s\n", tSet.ceiling("bbb"));
        System.out.printf("ceiling eee: %s\n", tSet.ceiling("eee"));
        // ceiling(大于)
        System.out.printf("higher bbb: %s\n", tSet.higher("bbb"));
        // subSet()
        System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, true, ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", true, "ccc", true));
        System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, true, ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", true, "ccc", false));
        System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, false, ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", false, "ccc", true));
        System.out.printf("subSet(aaa, false, ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.subSet("aaa", false, "ccc", false));
        // headSet()
        System.out.printf("headSet(ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.headSet("ccc", true));
        System.out.printf("headSet(ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.headSet("ccc", false));
        // tailSet()
        System.out.printf("tailSet(ccc, true): %s\n", tSet.tailSet("ccc", true));
        System.out.printf("tailSet(ccc, false): %s\n", tSet.tailSet("ccc", false));
        // 删除“ccc”
        tSet.remove("ccc");
        // 将Set转换为数组
]);
        for (String str:arr)
            System.out.printf("for each : %s\n", str);

        // 打印TreeSet
        System.out.printf("TreeSet:%s\n", tSet);

        // 遍历TreeSet
        for(Iterator iter = tSet.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
            System.out.printf("iter : %s\n", iter.next());
        }

        // 删除并返回第一个元素
        val = (String)tSet.pollFirst();
        System.out.printf("pollFirst=%s, set=%s\n", val, tSet);

        // 删除并返回最后一个元素
        val = (String)tSet.pollLast();
        System.out.printf("pollLast=%s, set=%s\n", val, tSet);

        // 清空HashSet
        tSet.clear();

        // 输出HashSet是否为空
        System.out.printf("%s\n", tSet.isEmpty()?"set is empty":"set is not empty");
    }
}

基于Java8的TreeSet源码分析：

public class TreeSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E>
        implements NavigableSet<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
    /**
     * The backing map.
     */
    private transient NavigableMap<E,Object> m;

    // Dummy value to associate with an Object in the backing Map
    private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();

    /**
     * Constructs a set backed by the specified navigable map.
     */
    //构造函数
    TreeSet(NavigableMap<E,Object> m) {
        this.m = m;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the
     * natural ordering of its elements.  All elements inserted into
     * the set must implement the {@link Comparable} interface.
     * Furthermore, all such elements must be <i>mutually
     * comparable</i>: {@code e1.compareTo(e2)} must not throw a
     * {@code ClassCastException} for any elements {@code e1} and
     * {@code e2} in the set.  If the user attempts to add an element
     * to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user
     * attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are
     * integers), the {@code add} call will throw a
     * {@code ClassCastException}.
     */
    //构造空的tree set 根据自然顺序对元素进行排序
    public TreeSet() {
        this(new TreeMap<E,Object>());
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the specified
     * comparator.  All elements inserted into the set must be <i>mutually
     * comparable</i> by the specified comparator: {@code comparator.compare(e1,
     * e2)} must not throw a {@code ClassCastException} for any elements
     * {@code e1} and {@code e2} in the set.  If the user attempts to add
     * an element to the set that violates this constraint, the
     * {@code add} call will throw a {@code ClassCastException}.
     *
     * @param comparator the comparator that will be used to order this set.
     *        If {@code null}, the {@linkplain Comparable natural
     *        ordering} of the elements will be used.
     */
    //构造函数，根据特定的比较器对元素进行排序
    public TreeSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
        this(new TreeMap<>(comparator));
    }
    //构造函数，参数为已有的集合
    public TreeSet(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this();
        addAll(c);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new tree set containing the same elements and
     * using the same ordering as the specified sorted set.
     *
     * @param s sorted set whose elements will comprise the new set
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified sorted set is null
     */
    //构造函数，参数为已经排序的集合
    public TreeSet(SortedSet<E> s) {
        this(s.comparator());
        addAll(s);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order.
     *
     * @return an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order
     */
    //返回顺序排好的迭代器
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return m.navigableKeySet().iterator();
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order.
     *
     * @return an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //返回倒序排好的迭代器
    public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() {
        return m.descendingKeySet().iterator();
    }

    /**
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //倒序排好的集合
    public NavigableSet<E> descendingSet() {
        return new TreeSet<>(m.descendingMap());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this set (its cardinality).
     *
     * @return the number of elements in this set (its cardinality)
     */
    //大小
    public int size() {
        return m.size();
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this set contains no elements.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this set contains no elements
     */
    //判断是否为空
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return m.isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this set contains the specified element.
     * More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this set
     * contains an element {@code e} such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;e==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(e))</tt>.
     *
     * @param o object to be checked for containment in this set
     * @return {@code true} if this set contains the specified element
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object cannot be compared
     *         with the elements currently in the set
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     */
    //判断是否包含某个值
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        return m.containsKey(o);
    }

    /**
     * Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present.
     * More formally, adds the specified element {@code e} to this set if
     * the set contains no element {@code e2} such that
     * <tt>(e==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;e2==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;e.equals(e2))</tt>.
     * If this set already contains the element, the call leaves the set
     * unchanged and returns {@code false}.
     *
     * @param e element to be added to this set
     * @return {@code true} if this set did not already contain the specified
     *         element
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object cannot be compared
     *         with the elements currently in this set
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     */
    //添加元素
    public boolean add(E e) {
        return m.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
    }

    /**
     * Removes the specified element from this set if it is present.
     * More formally, removes an element {@code e} such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;e==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(e))</tt>,
     * if this set contains such an element.  Returns {@code true} if
     * this set contained the element (or equivalently, if this set
     * changed as a result of the call).  (This set will not contain the
     * element once the call returns.)
     *
     * @param o object to be removed from this set, if present
     * @return {@code true} if this set contained the specified element
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object cannot be compared
     *         with the elements currently in this set
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     */
    //删除某个对象
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        return m.remove(o)==PRESENT;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this set.
     * The set will be empty after this call returns.
     */
    //清空对象
    public void clear() {
        m.clear();
    }

    /**
     * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this set.
     *
     * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this set
     * @return {@code true} if this set changed as a result of the call
     * @throws ClassCastException if the elements provided cannot be compared
     *         with the elements currently in the set
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null or
     *         if any element is null and this set uses natural ordering, or
     *         its comparator does not permit null elements
     */
    //添加已经存在的元素到集合中
    public  boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        // Use linear-time version if applicable
        if (m.size()==0 && c.size() > 0 &&
                c instanceof SortedSet &&
                m instanceof TreeMap) {
            SortedSet<? extends E> set = (SortedSet<? extends E>) c;
            TreeMap<E,Object> map = (TreeMap<E, Object>) m;
            Comparator<?> cc = set.comparator();
            Comparator<? super E> mc = map.comparator();
            if (cc==mc || (cc != null && cc.equals(mc))) {
                map.addAllForTreeSet(set, PRESENT);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return super.addAll(c);
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} or {@code toElement}
     *         is null and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //截取集合从fromElement到toElement
    public NavigableSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, boolean fromInclusive,
                                  E toElement,   boolean toInclusive) {
        return new TreeSet<>(m.subMap(fromElement, fromInclusive,
                toElement,   toInclusive));
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code toElement} is null and
     *         this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
     *         not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //获得从集合开始到toElement的元素
    public NavigableSet<E> headSet(E toElement, boolean inclusive) {
        return new TreeSet<>(m.headMap(toElement, inclusive));
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} is null and
     *         this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
     *         not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //获得从fromElement开始到结尾的元素
    public NavigableSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement, boolean inclusive) {
            return new TreeSet<>(m.tailMap(fromElement, inclusive));
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} or
     *         {@code toElement} is null and this set uses natural ordering,
     *         or its comparator does not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    //截取元素，从fromElement到toElement
    public SortedSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement) {
        return subSet(fromElement, true, toElement, false);
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code toElement} is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
     *         not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    //从头开始到toElement，不包含toElement
    public SortedSet<E> headSet(E toElement) {
        return headSet(toElement, false);
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
     *         not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    //从fromElement开始(包含)到结尾
    public SortedSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement) {
        return tailSet(fromElement, true);
    }
    //比较器
    public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
        return m.comparator();
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    //得到第一个元素
    public E first() {
        return m.firstKey();
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    //获得最后一个元素
    public E last() {
        return m.lastKey();
    }

    // NavigableSet API methods

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //比e小的一个元素
    public E lower(E e) {
        return m.lowerKey(e);
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //比e小于等于
    public E floor(E e) {
        return m.floorKey(e);
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //比e大于等于
    public E ceiling(E e) {
        return m.ceilingKey(e);
    }

    /**
     * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     *         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
     *         does not permit null elements
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //比e大的
    public E higher(E e) {
        return m.higherKey(e);
    }

    /**
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //获得第一个元素删除并返回
    public E pollFirst() {
        Map.Entry<E,?> e = m.pollFirstEntry();
        return (e == null) ? null : e.getKey();
    }

    /**
     * @since 1.6
     */
    //获得最后一个元素删除并返回
    public E pollLast() {
        Map.Entry<E,?> e = m.pollLastEntry();
        return (e == null) ? null : e.getKey();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a shallow copy of this {@code TreeSet} instance. (The elements
     * themselves are not cloned.)
     *
     * @return a shallow copy of this set
     */
    //浅拷贝
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public Object clone() {
        TreeSet<E> clone;
        try {
            clone = (TreeSet<E>) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e);
        }

        clone.m = new TreeMap<>(m);
        return clone;
    }

    /**
     * Save the state of the {@code TreeSet} instance to a stream (that is,
     * serialize it).
     *
     * @serialData Emits the comparator used to order this set, or
     *             {@code null} if it obeys its elements' natural ordering
     *             (Object), followed by the size of the set (the number of
     *             elements it contains) (int), followed by all of its
     *             elements (each an Object) in order (as determined by the
     *             set's Comparator, or by the elements' natural ordering if
     *             the set has no Comparator).
     */
    //序列化写对象
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
            throws java.io.IOException {
        // Write out any hidden stuff
        s.defaultWriteObject();

        // Write out Comparator
        s.writeObject(m.comparator());

        // Write out size
        s.writeInt(m.size());

        // Write out all elements in the proper order.
        for (E e : m.keySet())
            s.writeObject(e);
    }

    /**
     * Reconstitute the {@code TreeSet} instance from a stream (that is,
     * deserialize it).
     */
    //序列化读对象
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
            throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        // Read in any hidden stuff
        s.defaultReadObject();
        // Read in Comparator
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Comparator<? super E> c = (Comparator<? super E>) s.readObject();
        // Create backing TreeMap
        TreeMap<E,Object> tm = new TreeMap<>(c);
        m = tm;
        // Read in size
        int size = s.readInt();
        tm.readTreeSet(size, s, PRESENT);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>
     * and <em>fail-fast</em> {@link Spliterator} over the elements in this
     * set.
     *
     * <p>The {@code Spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED},
     * {@link Spliterator#DISTINCT}, {@link Spliterator#SORTED}, and
     * {@link Spliterator#ORDERED}.  Overriding implementations should document
     * the reporting of additional characteristic values.
     *
     * <p>The spliterator's comparator (see
     * {@link java.util.Spliterator#getComparator()}) is {@code null} if
     * the tree set's comparator (see {@link #comparator()}) is {@code null}.
     * Otherwise, the spliterator's comparator is the same as or imposes the
     * same total ordering as the tree set's comparator.
     *
     * @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements in this set
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
        return TreeMap.keySpliteratorFor(m);
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2479143000061671589L;
}