【django之权限组件】
一、需求分析
RBAC（Role-Based Access Control，基于角色的访问控制），就是用户通过角色与权限进行关联。简单地说，一个用户拥有若干角色，一个角色拥有若干权限。这样，就构造成“用户-角色-权限”的授权模型。在这种模型中，用户与角色之间，角色与权限之间都是多对多的关系。
一个可访问的含正则表达式的url就是一个权限，利用角色控制访问url。
二、功能实现
1、目录树
2、数据库设计
用户组，角色，权限
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
roles=models.ManyToManyField("Role") def __str__(self):
return self.name class Role(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
permissions=models.ManyToManyField("Permission")
def __str__(self):
return self.title class Permission(models.Model):
url=models.CharField(max_length=32)
title=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="")
p_group=models.ForeignKey("PermissionGroup",default=1)
code=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="list",)
def __str__(self):
return self.title class PermissionGroup(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
models.py
3、登录验证
将登录用户的所有权限信息注入到session中
rbac/service/initail.py
def permission_session(user,request):
# 将当前user的所有权限注入session中 # 方式1：
#permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url").distinct()
# permission_list = []
# for i in permissions:
# permission_list.append(i.get("permissions__url"))
#
# request.session["permission_list"] = permission_list # 方式2：
permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url","permissions__p_group_id","permissions__code").distinct() # print(permissions) permission_dict={}
for permission in permissions:
p_group_id=permission.get("permissions__p_group_id") if p_group_id in permission_dict:
permission_dict[p_group_id]["urls"].append(permission.get("permissions__url"))
permission_dict[p_group_id]["codes"].append(permission.get("permissions__code"))
else:
permission_dict[p_group_id]={
"urls":[permission.get("permissions__url")],
"codes":[permission.get("permissions__code")],} print(permission_dict) request.session["permission_dict"]=permission_dict
4、基于中间件做权限校验
功能： 1.白名单验证；
2.验证是否已经写入session，即：是否已经登录；
3.当前访问的url与当前用户的权限url进行匹配验证,并在request中写入code信息
settings.py
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
"rbac.service.rbac.PermissionValid",
]
rabc.py
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect,render
class PermissionValid(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
valid_url=["/login/","/reg/","/admin/.*"] #白名单
import re
for url in valid_url:
url="^%s$"%url
ret=re.match(url,request.path_info)
if ret:
return None
#.验证是否已经写入session，即：是否已经登录
if not request.session.get("user_id"):
return redirect("/login/")
current_path = request.path_info
# 方式1：
# permission_list = request.session.get("permission_list")
#
# import re
#
# flag = False
# for permission in permission_list:
# permission="^%s$"%permission
# ret = re.match(permission, current_path)
# if ret:
# flag = True
# break
# if not flag:
# return HttpResponse("无权访问")
# 方式2：
#与当前访问的url与权限url进行匹配验证,并在request中写入code信息，
permission_dict = request.session.get("permission_dict")
import re
flag = False
for item in permission_dict.values():
urls=item["urls"]
for permission in urls:
permission="^%s$"%permission
ret = re.match(permission, current_path)
if ret:
print("codes",item.get("codes"))
request.codes=item.get("codes")
return None
return HttpResponse("无权访问")
三、代码
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect # Create your views here. from rbac.models import * class PermissionCode(object):
def __init__(self,codes):
self.codes=codes
def list(self):
return "list" in self.codes
def add(self):
return "add" in self.codes
def edit(self):
return "edit" in self.codes
def delete(self):
return "del" in self.codes def users(request): user_list=User.objects.all() per=PermissionCode(request.codes) return render(request,"users.html",locals()) def add_users(request): return HttpResponse("添加用户") def change_users(request,id): return HttpResponse("编辑用户")
def delete_users(request,id): return HttpResponse("删除用户") def login(request):
if request.method=="POST":
user=request.POST.get("user")
pwd=request.POST.get("pwd") user=User.objects.filter(name=user,pwd=pwd).first() if user: request.session["user_id"]=user.pk from rbac.service.initail import permission_session
permission_session(user,request) return HttpResponse("登录成功") return render(request,"login.html")
app01/views.py
def permission_session(user,request):
# 将当前user的所有权限注入session中 # 方式1：
#permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url").distinct()
# permission_list = []
# for i in permissions:
# permission_list.append(i.get("permissions__url"))
#
# request.session["permission_list"] = permission_list # 方式2：
permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url","permissions__p_group_id","permissions__code").distinct() # print(permissions) permission_dict={}
for permission in permissions:
p_group_id=permission.get("permissions__p_group_id") if p_group_id in permission_dict:
permission_dict[p_group_id]["urls"].append(permission.get("permissions__url"))
permission_dict[p_group_id]["codes"].append(permission.get("permissions__code"))
else:
permission_dict[p_group_id]={
"urls":[permission.get("permissions__url")],
"codes":[permission.get("permissions__code")],} print(permission_dict) request.session["permission_dict"]=permission_dict
rabc/service/initail.py
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect,render
class PermissionValid(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
valid_url=["/login/","/reg/","/admin/.*"] #白名单
import re
for url in valid_url:
url="^%s$"%url
ret=re.match(url,request.path_info)
if ret:
return None
#.验证是否已经写入session，即：是否已经登录
if not request.session.get("user_id"):
return redirect("/login/")
current_path = request.path_info
# 方式1：
# permission_list = request.session.get("permission_list")
#
# import re
#
# flag = False
# for permission in permission_list:
# permission="^%s$"%permission
# ret = re.match(permission, current_path)
# if ret:
# flag = True
# break
# if not flag:
# return HttpResponse("无权访问")
# 方式2：
#与当前访问的url与权限url进行匹配验证,并在request中写入code信息，
permission_dict = request.session.get("permission_dict")
import re
flag = False
for item in permission_dict.values():
urls=item["urls"]
for permission in urls:
permission="^%s$"%permission
ret = re.match(permission, current_path)
if ret:
print("codes",item.get("codes"))
request.codes=item.get("codes")
return None
return HttpResponse("无权访问")
rabc/service/rabc.py
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * admin.site.register(User)
admin.site.register(Role) class PermissionConfig(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ["title","url","p_group","code"]
admin.site.register(Permission,PermissionConfig)
admin.site.register(PermissionGroup)
rabc/admin.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
roles=models.ManyToManyField("Role") def __str__(self):
return self.name class Role(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
permissions=models.ManyToManyField("Permission")
def __str__(self):
return self.title class Permission(models.Model):
url=models.CharField(max_length=32)
title=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="")
p_group=models.ForeignKey("PermissionGroup",default=1)
code=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="list",)
def __str__(self):
return self.title class PermissionGroup(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
rabc/models.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01.apps.App01Config',
"rbac.apps.RbacConfig",
] MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
"rbac.service.rbac.PermissionValid", ]
settings.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/$', views.login),
url(r'^users/$', views.users),
url(r'^users/add/$', views.add_users),
url(r'^users/(\d+)/change/$', views.change_users),
url(r'^users/(\d+)/delete/$', views.delete_users),
]
urls.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body> <form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
用户名：<input type="text" name="user">
密码：<input type="text" name="pwd">
<input type="submit">
</form> </body>
</html>
templates/login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body> <div class="container">
<h3>查看用户</h3> <div class="col-md-6">
{% if per.add %}
<a href="/users/add/" class="btn btn-primary">添加用户</a>
{% endif %} <table class="table table-borderd table-striped col-md-offset-4">
{% for user in user_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ user.name }}</td> {% if per.edit %}
<td><a href="/users/{{ user.pk }}/change" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a></td>
{% endif %} {% if per.delete %}
<td><a href="/users/{{ user.pk }}/delete/" class="btn btn-success">删除</a></td>
{% endif %} </tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</div>
</div> </body>
</html>
templates/users.html
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