Maven 初学（一）基本概念

Pom中有三个主要元素

Groupid,artifactid,version

goupid 是一个组织唯一的标识  例如 com.ibm.www

artifactid  是一个工程呢ID        ibm-project

version   代表一个版本  例如    com.ibm.www.ibm-project.1.0

maven执行一个目标（goal）有以下几个步骤

prepare-resources    资源的拷贝

compile   源代码拷贝阶段

package  创建jar/war包阶段

install      安装包到本地或者远程库中

mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies package

clean 首先被执行，

然后dependency:copy-dependencies被执行

然后是package被执行

clean 的 Lifecycle

pre-clean

clean 

post-clean 

默认 build Lifecycle

validate    验证工程是否正确，所有必要的信息是否有效

Lifecycle Phase
Description


validate
Validates whether project is correct and all necessary information is
 available to complete the build process.


initialize
Initializes build state, for example set properties


generate-sources
Generate any source code to be included in compilation phase.


process-sources
Process
 the source code, for example, filter any value.


generate-resources
Generate resources to be included in the package.


process-resources
Copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for
 packaging phase.


compile
Compile the source code of the project.


process-classes
Post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement/optimization on Java classes.


generate-test-sources
Generate
 any test source code to be included in compilation phase.


process-test-sources
Process the test source code, for example, filter any values.


test-compile
Compile the test source code into the test destination
 directory.


process-test-classes
Process the generated files from test code file compilation.


test
Run tests using a suitable unit testing framework(Junit is one).


prepare-package
Perform
 any operations necessary to prepare a package before the actual packaging.


package
Take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR, WAR, or EAR file.


pre-integration-test
Perform
 actions required before integration tests are executed. For example, setting up the required environment.


integration-test
Process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run.


post-integration-test
Perform
 actions required after integration tests have been executed. For example, cleaning up the environment.


verify
Run any check-ups to verify the package is valid and meets quality criterias.


install
Install the
 package into the local repository, which can be used as a dependency in other projects locally.


deploy
Copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects.

local Repository 本地库

可以在settings文件中设置本地库位置

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
      <localRepository>C:/MyLocalRepository</localRepository>
</settings>

Central Repository  中心库

maven在本地库中不能找到依赖的时候，就回去中心库中寻找

http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/

Remote Repository远程库

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
   <artifactId>project</artifactId>
   <version>1.0</version>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.companyname.common-lib</groupId>
         <artifactId>common-lib</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0</version>
      </dependency>
   <dependencies>
   <repositories>
      <repository>
         <id>companyname.lib1</id>
         <url>http://download.companyname.org/maven2/lib1</url>
      </repository>
      <repository>
         <id>companyname.lib2</id>
         <url>http://download.companyname.org/maven2/lib2</url>
      </repository>
   </repositories>
</project>

使用archetype插件创建工程

C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate
-DgroupId=com.companyname.bank
-DartifactId=consumerBanking
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart
-DinteractiveMode=false

参考自：http://www.tutorialspoint.com/maven/maven_quick_guide.htm