bin&sbin 命令作用

最近需要了解sbin与bin的功能，需要整理一下。一下全部为Ubuntu14里面默认安装的。在这里收集一下，转载请注明出处！

bin

bash	shell
bunzip2	.bz2文件的解压缩程序。
busybox	BusyBox 是一个集成了一百多个最常用linux命令和工具的软件。BusyBox 包含了一些简单的工具，例如ls、cat和echo等等，还包含了一些更大、更复杂的工具，例grep、find、mount以及telnet。
bzcat	指定要显示内容的.bz2压缩文件，并不解压缩
bzcmp	bzcmp命令主要功能是在不真正解压缩.bz2压缩包的情况下，比较两个压缩包中的文件，省去了解压缩后在调用cmp命令的过程。
bzdiff	bzdiff命令用于直接比较两个“.bz2”压缩包中文件的不同，省去了解压缩后再调用diff命令的过程。
bzgrep	bzgrep命令使用正则表达式搜索“.bz2”压缩包中文件，将匹配的行显示到标注输出。
bzexe	压缩可执行文件
bzfgrep	search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
bzip2	压缩成bz2格式
bzip2recover	回复破坏的bz2文件
bzless	增强.bz2压缩包查看器
bzmore	查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容
cat	显示文本内容
chacl	chacl是用来更改文件或目录的访问控制列表的命令。其和chmod有异曲同工之妙。但是比chmod更为强大，更为精细。
chgrp	改变文件或者目录的用户组
chmod	变更文件权限
chown	chown命令改变某个文件或目录的所有者和所属的组，该命令可以向某个用户授权，使该用户变成指定文件的所有者或者改变文件所属的组。
chvt	修改虚拟终端的前台环境
cp	复制操作
cpio	建立、还原备份档的工具程序，它可以加入、解开cpio或tar备份档内的文件。
dash	ubuntu 下sh执行文件，与bash类似
date	显示或者设置系统日期
dbus-cleanup-sockets	dbus 后台程序负责消息转发，清空所有sockets
dbus-daemon	dbus 后台程序负责消息转发
dbus-uuidgen	dbus 后台程序负责消息转发
dd	dd这个linux命令可以创建一定大小文件
df	df显示磁盘相关信息
dir	dir与ls类似，但是不显示颜色
dmesg	dmesg命令被用于检查和控制内核的环形缓冲区。kernel会将开机信息存储在ring buffer中。您若是开机时来不及查看信息，可利用dmesg来查看。开机信息保存在/var/log/dmesg文件里。
dnsdomainname	用于定义DNS系统中FQDN名称中的域名
domainname	命令用于显示和设置系统的NIS域名。
dumpkeys	Linux dumpkeys命令用于显示键盘映射表，输出的内容可以被loadkeys命令识别,改变映射关系。
echo	用于在shell中打印shell变量的值，或者直接输出指定的字符串。
ed	是单行纯文本编辑器，它有命令模式（command mode）和输入模式（input mode）两种工作模式。ed命令支持多个内置命令，常见内置命令如下：
egrep	用于在文件内查找指定的字符串。egrep执行效果与grep -E相似，
false'	Exit with a status code indicating failure.
fgconsole	未知
fgrep	命令是用来查找一个或多个与给出的字符串或词组相匹配文件中的行。fgrep 查询速度比grep命令快，但是不够灵活：它只能找固定的文本，而不是规则表达式。
findmnt	查看挂载未知和选项
fuser	使用文件或者套节字来表示识别进程。我常用的他的两个功能：查看我需要的进程和我要杀死我查到的进程。
fusermount	fusermount is a program to mount and unmount FUSE filesystems.
getfacl	与setfacl相关
grep	查找
gunzip	解压缩
gzexe	压缩可执行文件
gzip	压缩
hostname	用于显示和设置系统的主机名称。
ip	命令用来显示或操纵Linux主机的路由、网络设备、策略路由和隧道，是Linux下较新的功能强大的网络配置工具。
kbd_mode	设置键盘模式
kill	杀死进程
kmod	kmod是一个用于处理Linux内核模块中一般任务的工具集，功能包括：插入、删除、列表、查看属性、解决依赖关系和别名的共同任务。
less	工具也是对文件或其它输出进行分页显示的工具，
lessecho	lessecho  is  a  program  that  simply echos its arguments on standard output.  But any metacharacter in the output is preceded by an "escape" character,       which by default is a backslash.
lessfile	which by default is a backslash.
lesspipe	当转换操作通过管道在执行允许我们打开文件,负数与less
ln	创建链接
loadkeys	命令可以根据一个键盘定义表改变 linux 键盘驱动程序转译键盘输入过程。详细的说明请参考 dumpkeys。
login	切换用户身份，或者登入系统
loginctl	Control the systemd login manager
lowntfs-3g	Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
ls	显示文件夹内容
lsblk	显示所有块设备信息
lsmod	显示已经加载到内核中模块的状态信息
mkdir	创建文件夹
mknod	命令建立一个目录项和一个特殊文件的对应索引节点
mktemp	mktemp可建立一个暂存文件，供shell script使用。
more	类似cat
mount	挂载命令
mountpoint	查看目录是不是挂载点
mt	外网查看很多磁带机的操作命令都会用到mt
mt-gnu	GNU version  of  mt
mv	文件移动
nano	是一个字符终端的文本编辑器，有点像DOS下的editor程序
nc	是netcat命令的简称，都是用来设置路由器
nc.openbsd	arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
netcat	同nc
netstat	用来打印Linux中网络系统的状态信
nisdomainname	主机NIS域名
ntfs-3g	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfs-3g.probe	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfs-3g.secaudit	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfs-3g.usermap	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfscat	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfsck	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfscluster	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfscmp	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfsdump_logfile	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfsfix	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfsinfo	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfsls	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfsmftalloc	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfsmove	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfstruncate	NTFS格式硬盘
ntfswipe	NTFS格式硬盘
open	This utility help you to start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
openvt	This utility help you to start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
pidof	pidof 是Linux系统中用来查找正在运行进程的进程号（pid)的工具，功能类似pgrep和ps。
ping	ping
ping6	ping ipv6
plymouth	与启动项有关
plymouth-upstart-bridge	与启动项有关
ps	显示进程
pwd	口令
rbash	restricted bash, see bash(1)
readlink	链接所指向的位置
red	line-oriented text editor
rm	删除文件
rmdir	删除空目录
sed	在线编辑器
setfacl	用来在命令行里设置ACL（访问控制列表）。在命令行里，一系列的命令跟随以一系列的文件名。
setfont	改造终端文字显示
setupcon	修改键盘布局
sh	执行脚本文件
sh.distrib	sh相关
sleep	脚本暂停指定时间
ss	用来显示处于活动状态的套接字信息。
static-sh	sh相关
stty	change and print terminal line settings
su	管理员权限相关
sync	强制同步文件到硬盘
tailf	用途是依照要求将指定的文件的最后部分输出到标准设备，通常是终端，
tar	压缩
tempfile	有时候在写Shell脚本的时候需要一些临时存储数据的才做，最适合存储临时文件数据的位置就是/tmp，因为该目录中所有的内容在系统重启后就会被清空。下面是两种方法为临时数据生成标准的文件名。
touch	创建空白文件
TRUE	设置退出码为0
udevadm	查询sda设备devpath
ulockmgr_server	ock Manager Server for FUSE filesystems
umount	卸载已经加载的文件系统
uname	显示系统信息
uncompress	用来解压缩由compress命令压缩后产生的“.Z”压缩包
unicode_start	将控制台设为Unicode模式.
vdir	list directory contents
vmmouse_detect	VMware mouse device autodetection tool
which	查找并显示给定命令的绝对路径
whiptail	与msgbox类似
ypdomainname	显示主机NIS的域名
zcat	显示压缩包中文件的内容
zcmp	compare compressed files
zdiff	zcmp, zdiff - compare compressed files
zgrep	search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zfgrep	search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zforce	force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files
zless	file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
zmore	file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
znew	recompress .Z files to .gz files

sbin

acpi_available	test whether ACPI subsystem is available
agetty	agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by init(8).
alsa	高级Linux声音架构的简称
apm_available	test whether APM subsystem is available
apparmor_parser	apparmor_parser is used as a general tool to compile, and manage AppArmor policy, including loading new apparmor.d(5) profiles into the Linux kernel.
badblocks	badblocks - search a device for bad blocks
blkid	locate/print block device attributes
blockdev	call block device ioctls from the command line
bridege	bridge - show / manipulate bridge addresses and devices
brltty	brltty  is a background process (daemon) which provides access to the console screen (when in text mode) for a blind person using a refreshable braille display.
brltty-setup	与brltty相关
capsh	'bash' wrapper to raise and lower the bset and pI capabilities
cfdisk	cfdisk is a curses/slang based program for partitioning any hard disk drive.
cgdisk	GPT  fdisk  is  a text-mode family of programs for creation and manipulation of partition tables.
crda	send to the kernel a wireless regulatory domain for a given ISO / IEC 3166 alpha2
ctrlaltdel	set the function of the Ctrl-Alt-Del combination
debugfs	ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
depmod	Generate modules.dep and map files.
dhclient	The Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client, dhclient, provides a means for configuring one or more network interfaces using the Dynamic Host Configuration  Protocol,
dhclient-script
dmsetup	low level logical volume management
dosfsck	check and repair MS-DOS filesystems
dosfslabel	set or get MS-DOS filesystem label
dumpe2fs	dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the filesystem present on device.
e2fsck	check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
e2image	Save critical ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file
e2lable	Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
e2ubudo	Replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
fatlabel	set or get MS-DOS filesystem label
fdisk	fdisk (in the first form of invocation) is a menu-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables.  It understands DOS-type partition tables and BSD- or SUN-type disklabels.
findfs	find a filesystem by label or UUID
fixparts	MBR partition table repair utility
fsck	check and repair a Linux filesystem
fsck.cramfs
fsck.ext2
fsck.ext3
fsck.ext4
fsck.ext4dev
fsck.fat
fsck.minix
fsck.msdos
fsck.nfs
fsck.vfat
fsfreeze	fsfreeze halts new access to the filesystem and creates a stable image on disk.  fsfreeze is intended to be used with hardware RAID devices that support the creation of snapshots.
fstab-decode	fstab-decode decodes escapes in the specified ARGUMENTs and uses them to run COMMAND.  The argument escaping uses the same rules as path escaping in /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab and /proc/mtab.
fstrim	discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem
fstrim-all	call fstrim on all mounted file systems which support it
gdisk	GPT  fdisk (aka gdisk) is a text-mode menu-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables.
getcap	getcap displays the name and capabilities of each specified
getpcaps
getty	agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by init(8).
halt	reboot, halt, poweroff - reboot or stop the system
hdparm	get/set SATA/IDE device parameters
hwclock	hwclock - query or set the hardware clock (RTC)
ifconfig	configure a network interface
ifdown	take a network interface down
ifquery	parse interface configuration
ifup	take a network interface up
init	Upstart process management daemon
initctl	init daemon control tool
insmod	Simple program to insert a module into the Linux Kernel
installkernel	install a new kernel image
ip	show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
ip6tables	iptables/ip6tables — administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and NAT
ip6tables-apply
ip6tables-restore
ip6tables-save
iptunnel
isosize	output the length of an iso9660 filesystem
iw	show / manipulate wireless devices and their configuration
iwconfig	configure a wireless network interface
iwevent	Display Wireless Events generated by drivers and setting changes
iwgetid	Report ESSID, NWID or AP/Cell Address of wireless network
iwlist	Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
iwpriv	configure optionals (private) parameters of a wireless network interface
iwspy	Get wireless statistics from specific nodes
kbdrate	reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time
killall5	send a signal to all processes.
ldconfig	configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
ldconfig.real
logsave	save the output of a command in a logfile
losetup	set up and control loop devices
lsmod	Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel
lspcmcia	display extended PCMCIA debugging information
MAKEDEV	create devices
mii-tool	manipulate media-independent interface status
mkdosfs	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mke2fs	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs	build a Linux filesystem
mkfs.bfs	make an SCO bfs filesystem
mkfs.cramfs
mkfs.ext2	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext3	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext4	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext4dev	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.fat	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mkfs.minix	make a Minix filesystem
mkfs.msdos	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mkfs.ntfs	create an NTFS file system
mkfs.vfat	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mkhomedir_helper	Helper binary that creates home directories
mkntfs	create an NTFS file system
mkswap	set up a Linux swap area
mntctl
modinfo	Show information about a Linux Kernel module
modprobe	Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
mountall	Mount filesystems during boot
mount.fuse	format and options for the fuse file systems
mount.lowntfs_3g
mount.ntfs
mount.ntfs-3g
mount.vmhgfs
nameif	name network interfaces based on MAC addresses
ntfsclone	Efficiently clone, image, restore or rescue an NTFS
ntfscp	copy file to an NTFS volume.
ntfslabel	display/change the label on an ntfs file system
ntfsresize	resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss
ntfsundelete	recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume.
on_ac_power	test whether computer is running on AC power
pam_tally	The login counter (tallying) module
pam_tally2	The login counter (tallying) module
parted	a partition manipulation program
partprobe	inform the OS of partition table changes
pccardctl	PCMCIA card control utility
pivot_root	change the root filesystem
plipconfig	fine tune PLIP device parameters
plymouth
poweroff	stop the system
rarp	manipulate the system RARP table
raw	bind a Linux raw character device
reboot	reboot the system
regdbdump	parse and print out regulatory rules file
reload	init daemon control tool
resize2fs	ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
resolvconf	manage nameserver information
restart	init daemon control tool
rmmod	Simple program to remove a module from the Linux Kernel
route	show / manipulate the IP routing table
rtacct	network statistics tools.
rtmon	listens to and monitors RTnetlink
runlevel	output previous and current runlevel
setcap	set file capabilities
setvtrgb	customize the console color map
sfdisk	partition table manipulator for Linux
sgdisk	Command-line GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator for Linux and Unix
shadowconfig	toggle shadow passwords on and off
shutdown	bring the system down
slattach	attach a network interface to a serial line
start	init daemon control tool
startpar	start runlevel scripts in parallel
startpar-upstart-inject
start-stop-daemon	start and stop system daemon programs
status	init daemon control tool
stop	init daemon control tool
sulogin	Single-user login
swaplabel	print or change the label or UUID of a swap area
swapoff	enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
swapon	enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
swithch_root	switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree
sysctl	configure kernel parameters at runtime
tc	show / manipulate traffic control settings
telinit	change system runlevel
tune2fs	adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems
udevadm	udev management tool
udevd	systemd-udevd.service, systemd-udevd-control.socket, systemd-udevd-kernel.socket, systemd-udevd - Device event managing daemon
umount.udisks2	this program is only supposed to be invoked by umount(8).
unix_chkpwd	Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user
unix_update	Helper binary that updates the password of a given user
Upstart-dbus-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and D-Bus
upstart-event-bridge	Bridge between system Upstart and session Upstart
upstart-file-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and inotify
upstart-local-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and a local client socket connection.
upstart-socket-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and sockets
upstart-udev-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and udev
ureadahead	Read files in advance during boot
wipefs	wipe a filesystem signature from a device
wpa_action	wpa_cli action script
wpa_cli	WPA command line client
wpa_supplicant	Wi-Fi Protected Access client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant
xtables-multi	xtables multi-link binary for netfilter's iptables and ip6tables