当数据库在nomount，mount或者restricted这类特殊状态下，同时动态监听显示状态为BLOCKED，客户端无法直接连接到实例，此时可通过配置UR=A进行连接。最常见的场景就是10g版本的RAC,配置OGG时需要访问ASM实例的情况（实测11.2版本的RAC ASM实例动态监听的显示状态为Ready，无需添加UR=A配置即可连接）。下面是测试过程：

1.测试10.2.0.5连接ASM

**环境：**Oracle 10.2.0.5 RAC + ASM
tnsnames.ora配置如下：

ASM =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.171)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)

      (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM1)

    )

监听状态如下：

[oracle@rac1-server admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 14-FEB-2019 19:37:22

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER_RAC1-SERVER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

Start Date                12-FEB-2019 12:59:06

Uptime                    2 days 6 hr. 38 min. 15 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /s01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /s01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener_rac1-server.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.172)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.171)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "+ASM1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "+ASM_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "+ASM1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "SYS$SYS.KUPC$S_1_20170912101328.JY.ORACLE.COM" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "jy.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "jyXDB.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "jy_XPT.oracle.com" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orclXDB" has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orcl_XPT" has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@rac1-server admin]$

此时如果通过网络连接ASM实例，会报错ORA-12528：

[oracle@rac1-server admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Feb 14 19:25:52 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections

Enter user-name:

修改tnsnames.ora，增加UR=A配置：

ASM =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.171)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (UR=A)

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)

      (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM1)

    )

再次尝试通过网络连接ASM实例，可成功连接：

[oracle@rac1-server admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Feb 14 19:26:26 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

2.测试11.2.0.4连接ASM

**环境：**Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC + ASM
tnsnames.ora配置如下：

ASM =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.107)(PORT = 1522))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)

      (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM1)

    )

  )

监听状态如下：

[grid@db01 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-FEB-2019 19:41:59

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                13-FEB-2019 11:28:44

Uptime                    1 days 8 hr. 13 min. 14 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /opt/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/db01/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.107)(PORT=1522)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.117)(PORT=1522)))

Services Summary...

Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "A" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "B" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[grid@db01 admin]$

在没有配置UR=A的情况下，就可以正常连接到ASM实例：

--没有指定as sysasm会报错ORA-15000：

[oracle@db01 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@asm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Feb 14 19:23:57 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-15000: command disallowed by current instance type

Enter user-name: ^C

--指定后就可以正常连接：

[oracle@db01 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@asm as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Feb 14 19:24:00 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL>

由此验证了11.2.0.4环境下，通过网络连接ASM实例，不再需要UR=A的配置。

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关于UR=A的测试

1.测试10.2.0.5连接ASM

2.测试11.2.0.4连接ASM

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