MySQL SQL分析(SQL profile)

分析SQL优化运营开销SQL的重要手段。在MySQL数据库。可配置profiling参数启用SQL分析。此参数可以在全局和session水平集。级别则作用于整个MySQL实例，而session级别紧影响当前session。该參数开启后。兴许运行的SQL语句都将记录其资源开销，诸如IO，上下文切换，CPU，Memory等等。依据这些开销进一步分析当前SQL瓶颈从而进行优化与调整。本文描写叙述了怎样使用MySQL profile，不涉及详细的例子分析。

1、有关profile的描写叙述

--当前版本号
root@localhost[sakila]> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                                 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| version       | 5.6.17-enterprise-commercial-advanced |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+

--查看profiling系统变量
root@localhost[sakila]> show variables like '%profil%';
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| have_profiling         | YES   |   --仅仅读变量。用于控制是否由系统变量开启或禁用profiling
| profiling              | OFF   |   --开启SQL语句剖析功能
| profiling_history_size | 15    |   --设置保留profiling的数目，缺省为15。范围为0至100，为0时将禁用profiling
+------------------------+-------+

profiling [539]
If set to 0 or OFF (the default), statement profiling is disabled. If set to 1 or ON, statement prof
is enabled and the SHOW PROFILE and SHOW PROFILES statements provide access to prof
information. See Section 13.7.5.32, “SHOW PROFILES Syntax”.

This variable is deprecated in MySQL 5.6.8 and will be removed in a future MySQL release.
profiling_history_size [539]
The number of statements for which to maintain profiling information if profiling [539] is
enabled. The default value is 15. The maximum value is 100. Setting the value to 0 effectively
disables profiling. See Section 13.7.5.32, “SHOW PROFILES Syntax”.
This variable is deprecated in MySQL 5.6.8 and will be removed in a future MySQL release.

--获取profile的帮助
root@localhost[sakila]> help profile;
Name: 'SHOW PROFILE'
Description:
Syntax:
SHOW PROFILE [type [, type] ... ]
    [FOR QUERY n]
    [LIMIT row_count [OFFSET offset]]

type:
    ALL                --显示全部的开销信息
  | BLOCK IO           --显示块IO相关开销
  | CONTEXT SWITCHES   --上下文切换相关开销
  | CPU                --显示CPU相关开销信息
  | IPC                --显示发送和接收相关开销信息
  | MEMORY             --显示内存相关开销信息
  | PAGE FAULTS        --显示页面错误相关开销信息
  | SOURCE             --显示和Source_function。Source_file。Source_line相关的开销信息
  | SWAPS              --显示交换次数相关开销的信息 

The SHOW PROFILE and SHOW PROFILES statements display profiling
information that indicates resource usage for statements executed
during the course of the current session.

*Note*: These statements are deprecated as of MySQL 5.6.7 and will be
removed in a future MySQL release. Use the Performance Schema instead;
see http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/performance-schema.html.
--上面描写叙述从5.6.7開始该命令将会被移除，用Performance Schema instead取代
--在Oracle数据库中。是通过autotrace来剖析单条SQL并获取真实的运行计划以及其开销信息

2、开启porfiling

--启用session级别的profiling
root@localhost[sakila]> set profiling=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

--验证改动后的结果
root@localhost[sakila]> show variables like '%profil%';
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| have_profiling         | YES   |
| profiling              | ON    |
| profiling_history_size | 15    |
+------------------------+-------+

--公布SQL查询
root@localhost[sakila]> select count(*) from customer;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|      599 |
+----------+

--查看当前session全部已产生的profile
root@localhost[sakila]> show profiles;
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration   | Query                          |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
|        1 | 0.00253600 | show variables like '%profil%' |
|        2 | 0.00138150 | select count(*) from customer  |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

--我们看到有2个warning，之前一个，如今一个
root@localhost[sakila]> show warnings;    --以下的结果表明SHOW PROFILES将来会被Performance Schema替换掉
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                                                                      |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1287 | 'SHOW PROFILES' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use Performance Schema instead |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

3、获取SQL语句的开销信息

--能够直接使用show profile来查看上一条SQL语句的开销信息
--注。show profile之类的语句不会被profiling，即自身不会产生Profiling
--我们以下的这个show profile查看的是show warnings产生的对应开销
root@localhost[sakila]> show profile;
+----------------+----------+
| Status         | Duration |
+----------------+----------+
| starting       | 0.000141 |
| query end      | 0.000058 |
| closing tables | 0.000014 |
| freeing items  | 0.001802 |
| cleaning up    | 0.000272 |
+----------------+----------+

--如以下的查询show warnings被加入到profiles
root@localhost[sakila]> show profiles;
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration   | Query                          |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
|        1 | 0.00253600 | show variables like '%profil%' |
|        2 | 0.00138150 | select count(*) from customer  |
|        3 | 0.00228600 | show warnings                  |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+

--获取指定查询的开销
root@localhost[sakila]> show profile for query 2;
+----------------------+----------+
| Status               | Duration |
+----------------------+----------+
| starting             | 0.000148 |
| checking permissions | 0.000014 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000047 |
| init                 | 0.000023 |
| System lock          | 0.000035 |
| optimizing           | 0.000012 |
| statistics           | 0.000019 |
| preparing            | 0.000014 |
| executing            | 0.000006 |
| Sending data         | 0.000990 |
| end                  | 0.000010 |
| query end            | 0.000011 |
| closing tables       | 0.000010 |
| freeing items        | 0.000016 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000029 |
+----------------------+----------+

--查看特定部分的开销。例如以下为CPU部分的开销
root@localhost[sakila]> show profile cpu for query 2 ;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+
| Status               | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+
| starting             | 0.000148 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| checking permissions | 0.000014 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000047 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| init                 | 0.000023 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| System lock          | 0.000035 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| optimizing           | 0.000012 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| statistics           | 0.000019 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| preparing            | 0.000014 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| executing            | 0.000006 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| Sending data         | 0.000990 | 0.001000 |   0.000000 |
| end                  | 0.000010 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| query end            | 0.000011 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| closing tables       | 0.000010 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| freeing items        | 0.000016 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000029 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+

--例如以下为MEMORY部分的开销
root@localhost[sakila]> show profile memory for query 2 ;
+----------------------+----------+
| Status               | Duration |
+----------------------+----------+
| starting             | 0.000148 |
| checking permissions | 0.000014 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000047 |
| init                 | 0.000023 |
| System lock          | 0.000035 |
| optimizing           | 0.000012 |
| statistics           | 0.000019 |
| preparing            | 0.000014 |
| executing            | 0.000006 |
| Sending data         | 0.000990 |
| end                  | 0.000010 |
| query end            | 0.000011 |
| closing tables       | 0.000010 |
| freeing items        | 0.000016 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000029 |
+----------------------+----------+

--同一时候查看不同资源开销
root@localhost[sakila]> show profile block io,cpu for query 2;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status               | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting             | 0.000148 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| checking permissions | 0.000014 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000047 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| init                 | 0.000023 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| System lock          | 0.000035 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| optimizing           | 0.000012 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| statistics           | 0.000019 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| preparing            | 0.000014 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| executing            | 0.000006 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Sending data         | 0.000990 | 0.001000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| end                  | 0.000010 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| query end            | 0.000011 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| closing tables       | 0.000010 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| freeing items        | 0.000016 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000029 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

--Author: Leshami
--Blog  : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

--以下的SQL语句用于查询query_id为2的SQL开销，且按最大耗用时间倒序排列
root@localhost[sakila]> set @query_id=2;

root@localhost[sakila]> SELECT STATE, SUM(DURATION) AS Total_R,
    ->   ROUND(
    ->        100 * SUM(DURATION) /
    ->           (SELECT SUM(DURATION)
    ->            FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROFILING
    ->            WHERE QUERY_ID = @query_id
    ->        ), 2) AS Pct_R,
    ->     COUNT(*) AS Calls,
    ->     SUM(DURATION) / COUNT(*) AS "R/Call"
    ->  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROFILING
    ->  WHERE QUERY_ID = @query_id
    ->  GROUP BY STATE
    ->  ORDER BY Total_R DESC;
+----------------------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+
| STATE                | Total_R  | Pct_R | Calls | R/Call       |
+----------------------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+
| Sending data         | 0.000990 | 71.53 |     1 | 0.0009900000 |--最大耗用时间部分为发送数据
| starting             | 0.000148 | 10.69 |     1 | 0.0001480000 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000047 |  3.40 |     1 | 0.0000470000 |
| System lock          | 0.000035 |  2.53 |     1 | 0.0000350000 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000029 |  2.10 |     1 | 0.0000290000 |
| init                 | 0.000023 |  1.66 |     1 | 0.0000230000 |
| statistics           | 0.000019 |  1.37 |     1 | 0.0000190000 |
| freeing items        | 0.000016 |  1.16 |     1 | 0.0000160000 |
| preparing            | 0.000014 |  1.01 |     1 | 0.0000140000 |
| checking permissions | 0.000014 |  1.01 |     1 | 0.0000140000 |
| optimizing           | 0.000012 |  0.87 |     1 | 0.0000120000 |
| query end            | 0.000011 |  0.79 |     1 | 0.0000110000 |
| end                  | 0.000010 |  0.72 |     1 | 0.0000100000 |
| closing tables       | 0.000010 |  0.72 |     1 | 0.0000100000 |
| executing            | 0.000006 |  0.43 |     1 | 0.0000060000 |
+----------------------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+

--开启profiling后。我们能够通过show profile等方式查看，事实上质是这些开销信息被记录到information_schema.profiling表
--如以下的查询，部分信息省略
profiling
root@localhost[information_schema]> select * from profiling limit 3,3\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           QUERY_ID: 1
                SEQ: 5
              STATE: init
           DURATION: 0.000020
           CPU_USER: 0.000000
         CPU_SYSTEM: 0.000000
  CONTEXT_VOLUNTARY: 0
CONTEXT_INVOLUNTARY: 0
       BLOCK_OPS_IN: 0
      BLOCK_OPS_OUT: 0
      MESSAGES_SENT: 0
  MESSAGES_RECEIVED: 0
  PAGE_FAULTS_MAJOR: 0
  PAGE_FAULTS_MINOR: 0
              SWAPS: 0
    SOURCE_FUNCTION: mysql_prepare_select
        SOURCE_FILE: sql_select.cc
        SOURCE_LINE: 1050

--停止profile,能够设置profiling參数，或者在session退出之后,profiling会被自己主动关闭
root@localhost[sakila]> set profiling=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)