django_day10_项目相关

django_day10_项目相关

• 展示数据的方法

  • 数据对象obj

    • 普通字段
    1. obj.字段名 ====》 数据库该字段的值

    • 带choices参数的

      1. obj.字段名 ====》 数据库该字段的值
      2. obj.get_字段名_display() ====》 要显示的结果

    • 外键

      1. obj.外键====》 所关联的对象 __str__ 方法
      2. obj.外键.字段

    • 自定义方法

      from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
      def show_publish_status(self):
          color_dict = {True:'green',False:'#772a4d'}
          return mark_safe('<span style="background: {};color: white;padding: 3px">{}</span>'.format(color_dict[self.publish_status],self.get_publish_status_display()))
      

• 定义modelform

  class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):
      class Meta:
          model = models.Article#只能是model
          fields = "__all__"
          exclude = ['detail']
          # widgets = {
          #     'title':forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})
          # }
      def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
          super().__init__(*args,**kwargs)#执行父类方法
          #自定义的操作
          # self.fields 是个有序字典 字典中的值就是字段的对象
          for field in self.fields.values():#field 就是models中定义的字段
              field.widget.attrs['class'] = 'form-control'#field.widgrt
              # 是拿到对应的插件的对象field.widget.attrs 然后拿到对应的属性做修改
  

• 使用form

  def article_add(request):
      form_obj = ArticleForm()#什么都不传
      if request.method == 'POST':
          form_obj = ArticleForm(request.POST)#拿到form表单
          #开始校验
          if form_obj.is_valid():
              #获取文章详情字符串
              detail = request.POST.get('detail')
              # 创建文章详情对象
              detail_obj = models.ArticleDetail.objects.create(content=detail)
              form_obj.instance.detail_id = detail_obj.pk
              form_obj.save() # form_obj.instance.save（）
              return redirect('article_list')
      return render(request, 'article_add.html', {'form_obj': form_obj})
  
  #关联了俩个表
  def article_edit(request, pk):
      obj = models.Article.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()  # 查到一个queryset对象 first拿到第一个 如果没有则返回为null
      form_obj = ArticleForm(instance=obj) #传了个instance对象
      if request.method == 'POST':
          form_obj = ArticleForm(request.POST, instance=obj)  # 包含数据库没修改之前的数据  以及表单提交的数据
          if form_obj.is_valid():  # 通过校验
              form_obj.instance.detail.content = request.POST.get('detail')
              form_obj.instance.detail.save()# 修改以后 还要保存 文章详情
              form_obj.save()# 保存文章的信息
      return render(request, 'article_edit.html', {'form_obj': form_obj, 'obj': obj})
  
  #HTML
  <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="" novalidate>
  {% csrf_token %}
  {% for field in form_obj %}
  
      {{ field.id_for_label }} # 拿到id
  
      {{ field.label }} #提示信息  models中的  verbose_name
  
      {{ field }}  #生成input框
  
      {{ field.errors.0 }} #错误
  
  {% endfor %}
   </form>
  

• 让用户上传图像

  #model中添加ImageField
  avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='img/avatar',default='img/avatar/default.jpg')
  
  #ImageField 依赖pillow模块
  
  #settings.py中的配置
  MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
  MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')
  
  #urls.py中的配置
  from django.views.static import serve
  from django.conf import settings
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
      url(r'^', include('app01.urls')),
      url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)',serve,{'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
  ]
  
  #模板中使用
  注册时：form中加上 enctype="multipart/form-data"
  显示时：<img width="20px" src="/media/img/avatar/张伟.jpg" alt="">
  
  #views中
  form_ojb = RegForm(request.POST,request.FILES)
  

• 使用django-ckeditor

  1. 下载pip install django-ckeditor

  2. 注册app

     INSTALLED_APPS = [
     	........
         'ckeditor',
         'ckeditor_uploader',
     ]
     

  3. urls.py

     urlpatterns = [
       .........................
         url(r'^ckeditor/', include('ckeditor_uploader.urls')),
     ]
     

  4. models.py

     class ArticleDetailForm(forms.ModelForm):
     
         class Meta:
             model = models.ArticleDetail # 只能是model
             fields = "__all__"
     form_obj = ArticleDetailForm()#实例化
     

  5. html

     {{ form_obj.content }}

     引用静态文件

     {% block js %}
     {% load static %}
     <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor-init.js" %}"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js" %}"></script>
     {% endblock %}
     

  6. 上传需要认证，取消认证

     #将staff_member_required这个装饰器取消掉
     urlpatterns = [
         url(r'^upload/', staff_member_required(views.upload), name='ckeditor_upload'),
         url(r'^browse/', never_cache(staff_member_required(views.browse)), name='ckeditor_browse'),
     ]
     
     #改为下面这样
     from ckeditor_uploader import views
     
     urlpatterns = [
         url(r'^upload/', views.upload, name='ckeditor_upload'),
         url(r'^browse/', never_cache(views.browse), name='ckeditor_browse'),
     ]