题目大意:
  一个$n(n\le2\times10^5)$个结点的树,每个结点有一个权值$w_i$。可以任选一点为根,并选择一些结点交换其子结点的顺序,使得该树DFS序上第$m$个结点的权值最大。求最大权值。

思路:
  二分答案$k$ ,树形DP检验可行性。
  对于以结点$x$为根的子树,用$f[x]$表示$x$的子树经过任意变换的所有DFS序中,满足$w_i\ge k$的最长前缀长度。
  若$w_x<k$,则$f[x]$显然为$0$。
  若$w_x\ge k$,则对于$x$的每个子结点$y$,若$f[y]=size[y]$,将$y$的子树插入到$x$子树DFS序的最前面仍然是合法的;而对于所有满足$f[y]<size[y]$的子结点$y$,可以选择一个$f[y]$最大的加入。考虑以$x$为根的情况,则只需要在$f[x]$上加上满足$f[y]<size[y]$的$f[y]$第二大的$f[y]$。此时不需要考虑加上的会是$x$上方的点,因为加上$x$上方的点的情况肯定能在$x$上方的点处统计到。
  时间复杂度$O(n)$。

 #include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<algorithm>
#include<forward_list>
inline int getint() {
register char ch;
while(!isdigit(ch=getchar()));
register int x=ch^'';
while(isdigit(ch=getchar())) x=(((x<<)+x)<<)+(ch^'');
return x;
}
const int N=2e5+;
int w[N],f[N],k,size[N],ans,root;
std::forward_list<int> e[N];
inline void add_edge(const int &u,const int &v) {
e[u].push_front(v);
e[v].push_front(u);
}
void dfs(const int &x,const int &par) {
f[x]=size[x]=;
int max1=,max2=;
for(register auto &y:e[x]) {
if(y==par) continue;
dfs(y,x);
size[x]+=size[y];
if(f[y]==size[y]) {
f[x]+=f[y];
} else {
if(f[y]>max1) std::swap(f[y],max1);
if(f[y]>max2) std::swap(f[y],max2);
}
}
f[x]=w[x]<k?:f[x]+max1;
ans=std::max(ans,f[x]+max2);
}
inline int calc() {
dfs(root,ans=);
return ans;
}
int main() {
const int n=getint(),m=getint();
for(register int i=;i<=n;i++) w[i]=getint();
for(register int i=;i<n;i++) {
add_edge(getint(),getint());
}
root=std::min_element(&w[],&w[n]+)-w;
int l=*std::min_element(&w[],&w[n]+);
int r=*std::max_element(&w[],&w[n]+);
while(l<=r) {
k=(l+r)>>;
if(calc()>=m) {
l=k+;
} else {
r=k-;
}
}
printf("%d\n",l-);
return ;
}

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