Liunx 挂载磁盘

查看已经挂载的分区和文件系统类型

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos /]# df -T
Filesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1     ext3           % /

fdisk -l 可以显示出所有挂载和未挂载的分区，但不显示文件系统类型

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos /]# fdisk -l // 查看磁盘

Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00072b28

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System    //设备启动端块ID系统
/dev/vda1   *                            Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB,  bytes　　　　　　// 这块磁盘没有设备 是因为没有挂载
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

fdisk 命令进行建立分区

磁盘分区分为：主分区、扩展分区、逻辑分区；主分区至少有1个，最多4个；扩展分区可以没有，最多1个

主分区+扩展分区 最多不得超过4个，如果需要多个分区可以先建立扩展分区，在扩展分区中划分多个逻辑分区

执行分区步骤可以根据 ：fdisk 命令   Linux下磁盘挂载  这2篇博客文章操作

自定义当前第几块分区注意：Partition number（1-4） ：number  这个数字是指在当前这块硬盘上第几个分区

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf3de3926.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table  will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
p
Partition number (-):    // 第一个分区
First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ): +50G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf3de3926

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1                         +    Linux

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
e
Partition number (-):   // 这里必须至少从2 开始
Partition  is already defined.  Delete it before re-adding it.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
e
Partition number (-):
First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
Using default value 

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf3de3926

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1                         +    Linux
/dev/vdb2                          Extended

Command (m for help): p  // 打印磁盘情况

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf2295fd0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1                         +    Linux
/dev/vdb2                         Linux

Command (m for help): w  // 保存
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@VM_101_182121222_centos ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00072b28

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *                            Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf2295fd0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1                         +    Linux
/dev/vdb2                         Linux

如果第一个分区划分为主分区，第二个分区划分为扩展分区，这个地方就至少填 2，如果填写1，会提示 Partition 1 is already defined. Delete it before re-adding it.

lsblk -f 也可以查看未挂载的文件系统类型

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos /]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
vda
`-vda1 ext3         dddcd0d3-764f--93f6-2037ab1294f7 /  // 已挂载
vdb    ext3         0f1a7f8b-cbea-47e8-b19a-84e28c57ad2a 　　// 未分区挂载

parted -l 可以查看未挂载的文件系统类型，以及哪些分区尚未格式化

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos ~]# parted -l
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB  primary  ext3         boot

Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      32.3kB  53.7GB  53.7GB  primary
 2      53.7GB  107GB   53.7GB  primary

格式化分区   mkfs.文件系统格式   分区名

[root@VM_101_182121222_centos ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb2  // 执行格式化命令
mke2fs 1.41. (-May-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
 inodes,  blocks
 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
 block groups
 blocks per group,  fragments per group
 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    , , , , , , , , ,
    , , 

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every  mounts or
 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@VM_101_18212122_centos ~]# lsblk -f  // 查看磁盘情况
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
vda
`-vda1 ext3         dddcd0d3-764f--93f6-2037ab1294f7 /
vdb    ext3         0f1a7f8b-cbea-47e8-b19a-84e28c57ad2a
|-vdb1
`-vdb2 ext3         c064d156-6d83--a20e-ef15e4d084f3 

注意：格式化前看一下文件系统类型

格式化分区注意： 不是格式化的硬盘，直接格式化扩展分区是不允许的，只能格式化主分区和逻辑分区

挂载磁盘

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos /]# mount /dev/vdb2 /data  //挂载目录， 有的系统需要通知系统内核分区表的变化，不然内核不知道分区（或重启系统）执行 partprobe 命令
[root@VM_101_182_centos /]# df -TH /data    //查看是否挂载成功
Filesystem    Type     Size   Used  Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vdb2     ext3      53G   189M    50G   % /data
[root@VM_101_1821_centos /]# echo '/dev/vdb2 /data ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab   // 添加数据盘挂载信息至/etc/fstab，实现开机自动挂载
[root@VM_101_182_centos /]# cat /etc/fstab   //查看写入
/dev/vda1            /                    ext3       noatime,acl,user_xattr
proc                 /proc                proc       defaults
sysfs                /sys                 sysfs      noauto
debugfs              /sys/kernel/debug    debugfs    noauto
devpts               /dev/pts             devpts     mode=,gid=
/dev/vdb2            /data                ext3       defaults               

卸载挂载点

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos /]# umount /dev/vdb2  // 通过设备卸载 或者 通挂载点卸载 umount /data
[root@VM_101_18212122_centos /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1              20G   13G  .9G  % /

注意：如果设备正忙，卸载即告失败。原因一般是你当前在挂载点的某个目录中；也可以用lsof列出已打开文件，然后搜索列表查找待卸载的挂载点：lsof | grep data  查找 data 分区里打开的文件

删除分区

[root@VM_101_18212122_centos /]# fdisk /dev/vdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (-): 1   // 删除第一个分区

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2  // 我这个磁盘一共分了2个区，执行2次 d 就是选择2个分区

Command (m for help): w // 保存退出

记得修改 vim /etc/fstab  文件