RabbitMQ学习之spring-amqp的重要类的认识
对于大多数应用来说都做了与spring整合,对于rabbitmq来说。也有与spring的整合。可能通过spring的官网找到spring-amqp项目下载。spring-amqp项目包括三个子项目:spring-amqp、spring-erlang、spring-rabbit.
下面来认识一下spring-amqp中的几个重要类;以spring-amqp-1.0.0.M3版本为例
1、Message : Spring AMQP定义的Message类是AMQP域模型中代表之一。Message类封装了body(消息BODY)和properties(消息属性) 。使得这个API看起来很简单。Message类定义如下:
- public class Message {
- private final MessageProperties messageProperties;
- private final byte[] body;
- public Message(byte[] body, MessageProperties messageProperties) {
- this.body = body;
- this.messageProperties = messageProperties;
- }
- public byte[] getBody() {
- return this.body;
- }
- public MessageProperties getMessageProperties() {
- return this.messageProperties;
- }
- }
其中MessageProperties类中定义了例如messageId、timestamp、contentType等属性。这此属性可以扩展到用户通过setHeader(String key, Object value)方法来自定义“headers”。
2、Exchange
Exchange接口代表一个AMQP的Exchange,决定消息生产者发送消息。每个Exchange都包括一个特定的唯一名字的虚拟主机的代理和一些其他属性。
- public interface Exchange {
- String getName();
- String getType();
- boolean isDurable();
- boolean isAutoDelete();
- Map<String, Object> getArguments();
- }
其中 AbstractExchange类实现了Exchange类。而DirectExchange、TopicExchange、FanoutExchang、HeadersExchange四个类继承AbstractExchange。并重写了getType()类。根据各自相对应的Exchange类型。DirectExchange、TopicExchange、FanoutExchang、HeadersExchange分别对应的类型为direct,topic,fanout,headers.
3、Queue
Queue类是消息消费者接收消息中重要的一个组成部分。通过与Exchange判定来肯定消费者所接收的消息。伪代码如下:
- public class Queue {
- private final String name;
- private volatile boolean durable;
- private volatile boolean exclusive;
- private volatile boolean autoDelete;
- private volatile Map<String, Object> arguments;
- public Queue(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
其中name表示队列的名称、durable表示持久性。true表示是。exclusive表示独占性。由于在AmqpTemplate中提供一个方法来得到唯一的队列。这个队列可能是一个”reply-to“地址或者其他信息,因此一般exclusive和autoDelete一般设定为true.
4、Binding
Bingding类通过多种构造参数来判定Exchange,Queue,routingkey;例如
- Binding(Queue queue, FanoutExchange exchange)
- Binding(Queue queue, HeadersExchange exchange, Map<String, Object> arguments)
- Binding(Queue queue, DirectExchange exchange)
- Binding(Queue queue, DirectExchange exchange, String routingKey)
- Binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange, String routingKey)
5、AmqpTemplate
AmqpTemplate是用来发送消息的模板类
- /**
- * Specifies a basic set of AMQP operations.
- *
- * Provides synchronous send and receive methods. The {@link #convertAndSend(Object)} and {@link #receiveAndConvert()}
- * methods allow let you send and receive POJO objects. Implementations are expected to delegate to an instance of
- * {@link MessageConverter} to perform conversion to and from AMQP byte[] payload type.
- *
- * @author Mark Pollack
- * @author Mark Fisher
- */
- public interface AmqpTemplate {
- // send methods for messages
- /**
- * Send a message to a default exchange with a default routing key.
- *
- * @param message a message to send
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void send(Message message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Send a message to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
- *
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void send(String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Send a message to a specific exchange with a specific routing key.
- *
- * @param exchange the name of the exchange
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void send(String exchange, String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;
- // send methods with conversion
- /**
- * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a default routing key.
- *
- * @param message a message to send
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void convertAndSend(Object message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
- *
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void convertAndSend(String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a specific exchange with a specific routing key.
- *
- * @param exchange the name of the exchange
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a default routing key.
- *
- * @param message a message to send
- * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void convertAndSend(Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.
- *
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void convertAndSend(String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor)
- throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Convert a Java object to an Amqp {@link Message} and send it to a specific exchange with a specific routing key.
- *
- * @param exchange the name of the exchange
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- void convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor)
- throws AmqpException;
- // receive methods for messages
- /**
- * Receive a message if there is one from a default queue. Returns immediately, possibly with a null value.
- *
- * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Message receive() throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Receive a message if there is one from a specific queue. Returns immediately, possibly with a null value.
- *
- * @param queueName the name of the queue to poll
- * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Message receive(String queueName) throws AmqpException;
- // receive methods with conversion
- /**
- * Receive a message if there is one from a default queue and convert it to a Java object. Returns immediately,
- * possibly with a null value.
- *
- * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object receiveAndConvert() throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Receive a message if there is one from a specific queue and convert it to a Java object. Returns immediately,
- * possibly with a null value.
- *
- * @param queueName the name of the queue to poll
- * @return a message or null if there is none waiting
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object receiveAndConvert(String queueName) throws AmqpException;
- // send and receive methods for messages
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern. Send a message to a default exchange with a default routing key and attempt to receive a
- * response. Implementations will normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time
- * limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param message a message to send
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Message sendAndReceive(Message message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern. Send a message to a default exchange with a specific routing key and attempt to receive a
- * response. Implementations will normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time
- * limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Message sendAndReceive(String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern. Send a message to a specific exchange with a specific routing key and attempt to receive a
- * response. Implementations will normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time
- * limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param exchange the name of the exchange
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Message sendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Message message) throws AmqpException;
- // send and receive methods with conversion
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a default
- * routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will normally
- * set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param message a message to send
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object convertSendAndReceive(Object message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a
- * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
- * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object convertSendAndReceive(String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a specific exchange with a
- * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
- * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param exchange the name of the exchange
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object convertSendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a default
- * routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will normally
- * set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param message a message to send
- * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object convertSendAndReceive(Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a default exchange with a
- * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
- * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object convertSendAndReceive(String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;
- /**
- * Basic RPC pattern with conversion. Send a Java object converted to a message to a specific exchange with a
- * specific routing key and attempt to receive a response, converting that to a Java object. Implementations will
- * normally set the reply-to header to an exclusive queue and wait up for some time limited by a timeout.
- *
- * @param exchange the name of the exchange
- * @param routingKey the routing key
- * @param message a message to send
- * @param messagePostProcessor a processor to apply to the message before it is sent
- * @return the response if there is one
- * @throws AmqpException if there is a problem
- */
- Object convertSendAndReceive(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message, MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor) throws AmqpException;
- }
6、AmqpAdmin和RabbitAdmin
用户配置Queue、Exchange、Binding的代理类。代理类会自动声明或创建这些配置信息。
下面这个类用于异步接收消息的处理类
7、MessageConverter 消息转换器类
8、SimpleMessageListenerContainer 监听消息容器类
spring-amqp:
http://projects.spring.io/spring-amqp/
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-amqp-samples
转载:http://wubin850219.iteye.com/blog/1050251
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