基于MATLAB的语音信号处理

一、图形界面设计

1.新建GUI界面

2.新建空白页

3.命名为"yydsp"，打开界面

4.拖放控件

5.按预定功能修改界面

6.填写Callback函数

未填写前的代码：

function varargout = yydsp(varargin)
% YYDSP MATLAB code for yydsp.fig
%      YYDSP, by itself, creates a new YYDSP or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = YYDSP returns the handle to a new YYDSP or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      YYDSP('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in YYDSP.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      YYDSP('Property','Value',...) creates a new YYDSP or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before yydsp_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to yydsp_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help yydsp

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2. -Oct- ::

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = ;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @yydsp_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @yydsp_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before yydsp is made visible.
function yydsp_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to yydsp (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for yydsp
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes yydsp wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = yydsp_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton4.
function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton5.
function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton6.
function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.
function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton8.
function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton9.
function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton10.
function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton11.
function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton12.
function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton12 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton13.
function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton13 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton14.
function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton14 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

填写后的代码

　　1）打开文件部分

[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({'*.*','ALL FILES'},'选择声音');%显示模态对话框，
%列出当前文件夹中的文件，如果文件有效，点击打开时会返回文件名，如果点击取消，返回0
,])
return;
end
str=[pathname filename];%合成路径+文件名
[temp,Fs]=audioread(str);%读取音频声音
temp=temp(:,);  %取一行提取矩阵
temp1=resample(temp,,);%信号降采样处理
handles.y=temp1;%降采样的句柄
handles.y1=temp;%y1为原声
handles.Fs=Fs;%采样频率
guidata(hObject,handles);%存储或检索 UI 数据

程序中，resample为信号降采样处理，理解如下：
B=resample(x,90,250); %
采样从250Hz降到90Hz，如果250在前,就是插值从90到250,可以看B的长度,250Hz采样4000个数据等于90hz采样1440个数据,这就是降采样。

2）播放原声，画时频图

fs=handles.Fs;
Y=handles.y1;
Y=Y(:,);%取单声道
t1=:length(Y);
t=t1/fs;
sound(Y,fs);   %播放原声
F = fft(Y);%快速傅里叶变换
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(Y)+);
freq(end) = [];
plot(handles.axes1,t,Y)
xlabel(handles.axes1,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes1,'幅度');
title(handles.axes1,'原声音的波形');
y1=fft(Y);
plot(handles.axes4,abs(y1));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'未改变坐标轴的频率特性');
plot(handles.axes2,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));

title(handles.axes2,'原声音的真实频响');
xlabel(handles.axes2,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes2,'幅度');
title(handles.axes2,'频率特性');

3）男声变女声

FL =   ;               % 帧移
WL =  ;               % 窗长
    P =  ;                 %预测系数个数
    s = handles.y;
fs = handles.Fs;
% 定义常数
    s = s/max(s);             % 归一化
    L = length(s);            % 读入语音长度
    FN = floor(L/FL)-;       % 计算帧长，floor；向负无穷方向
% 预测和重建滤波器
exc = zeros(L,);         % 激励信号，double类零矩阵L行1列
zi_pre = zeros(P,);      % 预测滤波器状态
s_rec = zeros(L,);       % 重建语音
zi_rec = zeros(P,);
% 变调滤波器
exc_syn_t = zeros(L,);   % 合成的激励信号，创建一个L行1列的0脉冲
s_syn_t = zeros(L,);     % 合成语音
last_syn_t = ;           % 存储上一个段的最后一个脉冲的下标
zi_syn_t = zeros(P,);    % 合成滤波器
hw = hamming(WL);         %汉明窗
%滤波器
% 依次处理每帧语音
:FN             %从第三个子数组开始
% 计算预测系数
s_w = s(n*FL-WL+:n*FL).*hw;    %汉明窗加权
        [A,E]=lpc(s_w,P);               %线性预测计算预测系数
% A是预测系数，E会被用来计算合成激励的能量
s_f=s((n-)*FL+:n*FL);        % 本帧语音
%利用filter函数重建语音
[exc1,zi_pre] = filter(A,,s_f,zi_pre);
exc((n-)*FL+:n*FL) = exc1;           %计算激励
%利用filter函数重建语音
        [s_rec1,zi_rec] = filter(,A,exc1,zi_rec);
s_rec((n-)*FL+:n*FL) = s_rec1; %重建语音
% 下面只有得到exc后才可以
s_Pitch = exc(n*FL-:n*FL);
        PT(n) = findpitch(s_Pitch);    %计算基音周期pt
        G = sqrt(E*PT(n));            %计算合成激励的能量G
  PT1 =floor(PT(n)/);    %减小基音周期
poles = roots(A);
deltaOMG =**pi/fs;

:   %增加共振峰

poles(p) = poles(p)*exp(1j*deltaOMG);
elseif imag(poles(p))<
poles(p) = poles(p)*exp(-1j*deltaOMG);
end
end
 A1=poly(poles);
 tempn_syn_t=(:n*FL-last_syn_t);
        exc_syn1_t = zeros(length(tempn_syn_t),);
        exc_syn1_t(mod(tempn_syn_t,PT1)==) = G;
        exc_syn1_t = exc_syn1_t((n-)*FL-last_syn_t+:n*FL-last_syn_t);
        [s_syn1_t,zi_syn_t] = filter(,A1,exc_syn1_t,zi_syn_t);
exc_syn_t((n-)*FL+:n*FL) = exc_syn1_t;        %合成激励
s_syn_t((n-)*FL+:n*FL) = s_syn1_t;            %合成语音
last_syn_t = last_syn_t+PT1*floor((n*FL-last_syn_t)/PT1);
end
Y = s_syn_t;
F = fft(Y);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(Y)+);
freq(end) = [];
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
     xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
     ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
     title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');
     handles.y=s_syn_t;
     guidata(hObject,handles);
plot(handles.axes3,s_syn_t);
    t1=:length(s_syn_t);
    t=t1/;
    plot(handles.axes3,t,s_syn_t);
    title(handles.axes3,'时域图');
    xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
    ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
    sound(handles.y,);  

4）退出

delete(handles.figure1);

5）快放

fs=handles.Fs;
Y=handles.y1;
Y=Y(:,);
F = fft(Y);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(Y)+);
freq(end) = [];
sound(Y,*fs);
t1=:length(Y);
t=t1/(*fs);
plot(handles.axes3,t,Y)
title(handles.axes3,'时域图');
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');

6）慢放

fs=handles.Fs;
Y=handles.y1;
Y=Y(:,);
sound(Y,0.5*fs);
F = fft(Y);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(Y)+);
freq(end) = [];%
t1=:length(Y);
t=t1/(0.5*fs);
plot(handles.axes3,t,Y)
title(handles.axes3,'时域图');
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');

7）制造回音

fs=handles.Fs;
N=length(handles.y1);
x1=handles.y1(:N);
x2=handles.y1(:N);
x1=[x1,zeros(,)];
x2=[zeros(,),,)];
z=x1+x2;
F = fft(z);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(z)+);
freq(end) = [];
t1=:length(z);
t=t1/fs;
plot(handles.axes3,t,z)
title(handles.axes3,'含回音波形');
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');
sound(z,fs);

8）回音还原

fs=handles.Fs;
N=length(handles.y1);
x1=handles.y1(:N);
x2=handles.y1(:N);
x3=handles.y1(:N);
x1=[x1,zeros(,)];
x2=[zeros(,),,)];
z=x1+x2;
b=;
a=zeros(,N);
a()=;
a()=0.4;
z2=filter(b,a,z);
F = fft(z2);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(z2)+);
freq(end) = [];
t1=:length(z2);
t=t1/fs;
plot(handles.axes3,t,z2)
title(handles.axes3,'滤除回声的波形');
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');
sound(z2,fs);

9）制造噪声

fs=handles.Fs;
x=handles.y1;
y=x(:,);  %取一行提取矩阵
noise=*(:length(y))/fs)+*(:length(y))/fs)...
    +*(:length(y))/fs);%噪声 10000rad/s++
VNnoise=y+noise';%向量维度一致
F = fft(VNnoise);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(VNnoise)+);
freq(end) = [];
t1=:length(VNnoise);
t=t1/fs;
plot(handles.axes3,t,VNnoise)
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
title(handles.axes3,'添加噪声的波形');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');
sound(VNnoise,fs);

10）滤除噪声

fs=handles.Fs;
x=handles.y1;
y=x(:,);  %取一行提取矩阵
noise=*(:length(y))/fs)+*(:length(y))/fs)...
    +*(:length(y))/fs);%噪声 10000rad/s++
VNnoise=y+noise';%向量维度一致
%[b,a] = butter(,*/fs,'LOW') ;   %巴特沃斯滤波器
%result=filter(b,a,VNnoise);
Hd = ditong1;%Fdatool滤波
result=filter(Hd,x);
result=result(:,);
sound(result,fs);
F = fft(result);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(result)+);
freq(end) = [];
t1=:length(result);
t=t1/fs;
plot(handles.axes3,t,result)
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
title(handles.axes3,'添加噪声的波形');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');

11）左右声道合唱

fs=handles.Fs;
sound(original,fs);
a1=;
a2=-;
b1=;
b2=-;
Soundleft=original(:,);%左声道
Soundright=original(:,);%右声道
newleft=Soundleft+Soundright;       %新的左声道为原来的全部声道
newright=b1*Soundleft+b2*Soundright; %新的右声道为原来的左声道－原来的右
Sound(:,)=newleft;
Sound(:,)=newright;
bp=fir1(,[,]/(fs/));
cutdown=filter(bp,,Sound);
Sound_final=Sound-0.6*abs(cutdown);
sound(Sound_final,fs)
F = fft(Sound_final);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(Sound_final)+);
freq(end) = [];
t1=:length(Sound_final);
t=t1/fs;
plot(handles.axes3,t,Sound_final)
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
title(handles.axes3,'时域波形');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');

12）反放

fs=handles.Fs;
y=handles.y1;
M=length(y):-:;
rever=y(M);
sound(rever,fs);%反播
F = fft(rever);
freq = linspace(-fs/,fs/,length(rever)+);
freq(end) = [];
t1=:length(rever);
t=t1/fs;
plot(handles.axes3,t,rever)
xlabel(handles.axes3,'时间');
ylabel(handles.axes3,'幅度');
title(handles.axes3,'反播的波形');
plot(handles.axes4,freq,abs(fftshift(F)));
xlabel(handles.axes4,'圆频率');
ylabel(handles.axes4,'幅度');
title(handles.axes4,'频率特性');