python之paramiko 远程执行命令

有时会需要在远程的机器上执行一个命令，并获得其返回结果。对于这种情况，python 可以很容易的实现。

1 、工具

Python paramiko

1) Paramiko模块安装

　　在Linux的Terminal中，直接输入pip install paramiko 命令安装。

2）确定paramiko安装成功

　　在python命令行输入import paramiko，确认是否安装成功，没报错就没问题。

2、步骤

1 、导入 paramiko 模块

#!/usr/bin/python
import paramiko

2 、创建 ssh 连接函数

def ssh_connect( _host, _username, _password ):
    try:
        _ssh_fd = paramiko.SSHClient()
        _ssh_fd.set_missing_host_key_policy( paramiko.AutoAddPolicy() )
        _ssh_fd.connect( _host, username = _username, password = _password )
    except Exception, e:
        print( 'ssh %s@%s: %s' % (_username, _host, e) )
        exit()
    return _ssh_fd

3、 创建命令执行函数

def ssh_exec_cmd( _ssh_fd, _cmd ):
    return _ssh_fd.exec_command( _cmd )

4 、创建关闭 ssh 函数

def ssh_close( _ssh_fd ):
    _ssh_fd.close()

5、使用示例

def main():
    hostname = '192.168.1.46'
    port = 22
    username = 'root'
    password = 'P@ssw0rd'
    cmd = "ip a"  

    sshd = ssh_connect( hostname , username , password )
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_exec_cmd( sshd, cmd )
    err_list = stderr.readlines()

    if len( err_list ) > 0:
        print 'ERROR:' + err_list[0]
        exit()

    for item in stdout.readlines():
        print item,
    ssh_close( sshd )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

如果执行脚本成功，会成功返回以下结果。

['1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN \n', ' link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\n', ' inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo\n', ' inet6 ::1/128 scope host \n', ' valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n', '2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000\n', ' link/ether 00:50:56:b3:6c:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n', 'inet 192.168.1.46/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0\n', ' inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb3:6c03/64 scope link \n', ' valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n']

　在实际的开发中，每次更新模块的jar包时，都需要使用 ps -ef | grep java, 查看模块的进程号，然后使用使用命令 kill -9 进程号，处理掉进程，然后重新启动 模块。

下面尝试使用python脚本来代替手工输入代码。

3、实例

1） 启动模块

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect('192.168.1.222', username = 'root', password = 'P@ssw0rd', timeout = 5)
cmd = 'nohup /csdp/charge_launcher-1.0-release/bin/run.sh > /csdp/charge_launcher-1.0-release/bin/nohup.out 2>&1 & \r\n'

password= 'P@ssw0rd'

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( cmd )
##stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('sudo -S %s\n' % cmd )
##stdin.write('%s\r\n' % password)
##stdin.flush()
print "------------------------"
##print stdout.readlines()
##print stderr.read() 

print "------------------------"
cmd = 'pwd'
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd )
print stdout.readlines() 

ssh.close()

2） 远程上传文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import paramiko

serverIp = '192.168.55.243'
serverUser = 'root'
serverPwd = 'P@ssw0rd'

localFile = 'user-1.0-release.jar'
localpath = r'D:\workspace\csdp201512041\csdp-ningxia\csdp_user\user\target' + os.sep + localFile

remotepath = '/csdp/user_launcher-1.0-dev/lib/' + localFile

def ftpModuleFile():
    t = paramiko.Transport(( serverIp ,22))
    t.connect(username = serverUser , password = serverPwd)
    sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
   # remotepath='/csdp/user_launcher-1.0-dev/user-1.0-release.jar'
   # localpath= r'D:\workspace\csdp201512041\csdp-ningxia\csdp_user\user\target\user-1.0-release.jar'
    sftp.put(localpath,remotepath)
    t.close()
    print("：） 成功上传%s文件。" % remotepath)  

if __name__ == '__main__':
   ftpModuleFile()

3) 执行远程linux命令

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import paramiko

if __name__ == "__main__":
    hostname = '192.168.55.243'
    port = 22
    username = 'root'
    password = 'P@ssw0rd'
    cmd = "ps -ef|grep java"  

    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    #ssh.connect( hostname ,22, username , password )
    ssh.connect(hostname,username=username,password=password,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False)
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd )
    list = stdout.readlines()
    print( list )  

    ssh.close()