Android Http请求方法汇总

[转]  原文

这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。

1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源

(1)get请求

public String executeHttpGet() { 		String result = null; 		URL url = null; 		HttpURLConnection connection = null; 		InputStreamReader in = null; 		try { 			url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"); 			connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 			in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); 			BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); 			StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); 			String line = null; 			while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { 				strBuffer.append(line); 			} 			result = strBuffer.toString(); 		} catch (Exception e) { 			e.printStackTrace(); 		} finally { 			if (connection != null) { 				connection.disconnect(); 			} 			if (in != null) { 				try { 					in.close(); 				} catch (IOException e) { 					e.printStackTrace(); 				} 			}  		} 		return result; 	}

注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2

(2)post请求

public String executeHttpPost() { 		String result = null; 		URL url = null; 		HttpURLConnection connection = null; 		InputStreamReader in = null; 		try { 			url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"); 			connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 			connection.setDoInput(true); 			connection.setDoOutput(true); 			connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); 			connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 			connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8"); 			DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream( 					connection.getOutputStream()); 			dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou"); 			dop.flush(); 			dop.close();  			in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()); 			BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in); 			StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(); 			String line = null; 			while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { 				strBuffer.append(line); 			} 			result = strBuffer.toString(); 		} catch (Exception e) { 			e.printStackTrace(); 		} finally { 			if (connection != null) { 				connection.disconnect(); 			} 			if (in != null) { 				try { 					in.close(); 				} catch (IOException e) { 					e.printStackTrace(); 				} 			}  		} 		return result; 	}

如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：

URLEncoder.encode("测试","utf-8") URLDecoder.decode("测试","utf-8");

2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
(1)get请求

public String executeGet() { 		String result = null; 		BufferedReader reader = null; 		try { 			HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); 			HttpGet request = new HttpGet(); 			request.setURI(new URI( 					"http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou")); 			HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); 			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response 					.getEntity().getContent()));  			StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); 			String line = null; 			while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { 				strBuffer.append(line); 			} 			result = strBuffer.toString();  		} catch (Exception e) { 			e.printStackTrace(); 		} finally { 			if (reader != null) { 				try { 					reader.close(); 					reader = null; 				} catch (IOException e) { 					e.printStackTrace(); 				} 			} 		}  		return result; 	}

（2）post请求

public String executePost() { 		String result = null; 		BufferedReader reader = null; 		try { 			HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); 			HttpPost request = new HttpPost(); 			request.setURI(new URI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/")); 			List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 			postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("token", "alexzhou")); 			UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity( 					postParameters); 			request.setEntity(formEntity);  			HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); 			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response 					.getEntity().getContent()));  			StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); 			String line = null; 			while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { 				strBuffer.append(line); 			} 			result = strBuffer.toString();  		} catch (Exception e) { 			e.printStackTrace(); 		} finally { 			if (reader != null) { 				try { 					reader.close(); 					reader = null; 				} catch (IOException e) { 					e.printStackTrace(); 				} 			} 		}  		return result; 	}

3.服务端代码实现
上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：

#coding=utf-8  import json from flask import Flask,request,render_template  app = Flask(__name__)  def send_ok_json(data=None):     if not data:         data = {}     ok_json = {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data}     return json.dumps(ok_json)  @app.route('/data/get/',methods=['GET']) def data_get():     token = request.args.get('token')     ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'get')     return send_ok_json(ret)  @app.route('/data/post/',methods=['POST']) def data_post():     token = request.form.get('token')     ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'post')     return send_ok_json(ret)  if __name__ == "__main__":     app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True)

运行服务器，如图：

4. 编写单元测试代码
右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：

在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:

public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase {  	@Override 	protected void setUp() throws Exception { 		Log.e("HttpTest", "setUp"); 	}  	@Override 	protected void tearDown() throws Exception { 		Log.e("HttpTest", "tearDown"); 	}  	public void testExecuteGet() { 		Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteGet"); 		HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); 		String result = client.executeGet(); 		Log.e("HttpTest", result); 	}  	public void testExecutePost() { 		Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecutePost"); 		HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); 		String result = client.executePost(); 		Log.e("HttpTest", result); 	}  	public void testExecuteHttpGet() { 		Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpGet"); 		HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); 		String result = client.executeHttpGet(); 		Log.e("HttpTest", result); 	}  	public void testExecuteHttpPost() { 		Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpPost"); 		HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance(); 		String result = client.executeHttpPost(); 		Log.e("HttpTest", result); 	} }

附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：

public class HttpClientTest {  	private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object(); 	private static HttpClientTest mInstance;  	private HttpClientTest() {  	}  	public static HttpClientTest getInstance() { 		synchronized (mSyncObject) { 			if (mInstance != null) { 				return mInstance; 			} 			mInstance = new HttpClientTest(); 		} 		return mInstance; 	}    /**...上面的四个方法...*/ }

现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp"     android:versionCode="1"     android:versionName="1.0" >      <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />      <uses-sdk         android:minSdkVersion="8"         android:targetSdkVersion="15" />      <application         android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"         android:label="@string/app_name"         android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />          <activity             android:name=".MainActivity"             android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >             <intent-filter>                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                  <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />             </intent-filter>         </activity>     </application>      <instrumentation         android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"         android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" />  </manifest>

注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名

5.测试结果
展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：
(2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：
(3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：
(4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：