Tomcat 的 server.xml 文件详解

文件内容解读

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
 -->
 <!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
      define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
      Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
  -->
 <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
   <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
   -->
   <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
   <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

   <!-- Global JNDI resources
        Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
   -->
   <GlobalNamingResources>
     <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
          UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
     -->
     <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
               type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
               description="User database that can be updated and saved"
               factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
               pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
   </GlobalNamingResources>

   <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
        a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
        so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
        Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
    -->
   <!-- 代表一个服务，这个Service可以有多个，后面的name是服务名 -->
   <Service name="Catalina">

     <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
     <!--
     <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
         maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
     -->

     <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
          and responses are returned. Documentation at :
          Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
          Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
          APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
          Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
     -->
     <!--
         代表一个连接器，后边指定了这个连接器使用的协议和端口号，还有超时时间，平时修改Tomcat端口号就是修改这个端口号，
         当然，还有其他连接器，下面就有一个使用AJP1.3协议的连接器，不过平时不使用
     -->
     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                connectionTimeout="20000"
                redirectPort="8443" />
     <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
     <!--
     <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
                port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                connectionTimeout="20000"
                redirectPort="8443" />
     -->
     <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
          This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
          SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
          library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
          AprLifecycleListener.
          Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
          the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
     -->
     <!--
     <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
                maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
         <SSLHostConfig>
             <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                          type="RSA" />
         </SSLHostConfig>
     </Connector>
     -->
     <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
          This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
          OpenSSL for TLS.
          Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
          configuration is used below.
     -->
     <!--
     <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
                maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
         <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
         <SSLHostConfig>
             <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                          certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                          certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                          type="RSA" />
         </SSLHostConfig>
     </Connector>
     -->

     <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

     <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
          every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
          analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
          on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
          Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

     <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
     -->
     <!-- 服务引擎 defaulltHost用来指定默认的主机-->
     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

       <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
           /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
           /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
       <!--
       <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
       -->

       <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
            via a brute-force attack -->
       <!-- 安全策略 -->
       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
         <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
              resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
              that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
              available for use by the Realm.  -->
         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
                resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
       </Realm>

       <!-- 主机：name代表主机名，appBase代表根目录，unpackWARs代表是否自动解压WAR包，autoDeploy代表自动发布，就是启动状态下能直接部署项目 -->
       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
             unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

         <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
         <!--
         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
         -->

         <!-- Access log processes all example.
              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
              Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
                prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

       </Host>
     </Engine>
   </Service>
 </Server>

创建虚拟目录

1、直接在server.xml文件的Host标签内添加Context标签用于指定虚拟目录，path表示访问路径，docBase表示项目路径，也就是虚拟目录，下面指定了项目地址，就不会访问webapps目录下的项目了，这种方式有个缺点是修改后必须重启服务器。

直接访问http://localhost:8080/myweb

<Context path="/myweb" docBase="D:\Programmer\myweb" />

2、虚拟目录的修改还有另外一种方式，就是把这个Context标签放到Tomcat的\conf\Catalina\localhost目录下，新建一个xxx.xml，里面添加上xml文件的头部和Context标签，这样也能指定虚拟目录，并且不用重启服务器。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context docBase="D:\Programmer\myweb" />

直接访问http://localhost:8080/xxx/

创建虚拟主机

1、复制一个Host标签出来，然后修改name为www.wangbo.com，appBase目录也可以修改为D:\Programmer\web（将web项目复制一份放到这个目录下）

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
      <Host name="www.wangbo.com"  appBase="D:\Programmer\web"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
      </Host>

当启动Tomcat后可以看到有两个虚拟主机了

2、修改host文件，将这个域名添加进去，地址：C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc（如果无法修改，可以复制一份出来，然后修改完之后去覆盖原文件）

3、访问项目

访问http://www.wangbo.com:8080/myweb/

访问http://localhost:8080/myweb/

那么如果直接访问127.0.0.1会访问谁呢，因为这个IP在我的本地电脑上映射了两个地址，一个是localhost，另一个是www.wangbo.com。

因为<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">中的defaultHost里配置的是localhost，所以会访问localhost。