C++智能指针类型转换

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

struct Base
{
    int a;
    virtual void f() const { std::cout << "I am base!\n";}
    virtual ~Base(){}
};

struct Derived : Base
{
    void d()
    { std::cout << "Derived:d()\n"; }
    void f() const override
    { std::cout << "I am derived!\n"; }
    ~Derived(){}
};

int main(){
    auto basePtr = std::make_shared<Base>();
    std::cout << "Base pointer says: ";
    basePtr->f();

    auto derivedPtr = std::make_shared<Derived>();
    std::cout << "Derived pointer says: ";
    derivedPtr->f();

    // 上行的转换（派生类到基类的转换）
    std::cout << "Derived pointer static_pointer_cast to Base says: ";
    std::static_pointer_cast<Base>(derivedPtr)->f();

    // 直接转型，不构造临时 shared_ptr
    // 下行的转换（基类到派生类的转换)
    std::cout << "Base pointer static_cast to derived says: ";
    static_cast<Derived*>(basePtr.get())->d();

    // 构造临时 shared_ptr ，然后调用 operator->
    // 下行的转换（基类到派生类的转换)
    std::cout << "Base pointer static_pointer_cast to derived says: ";
    std::static_pointer_cast<Derived>(basePtr)->d();

    // 转换成对象
    // 下行的转换（基类到派生类的转换)
    Derived& derived = static_cast<Derived&>(*basePtr);
    std::cout << "Base pointer static_cast to derived Obeject says: ";
    derived.d();

    // std::cout << "Base pointer dynamic_cast to derived says: ";
    // dynamic_cast<Derived*>(basePtr.get())->f();  //段错误

    // Derived& derived1 = dynamic_cast<Derived&>(*basePtr);
    // derived1.d();       // 异常

    // 下行的转换（基类到派生类的转换)
    auto downcastedPtr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Derived>(basePtr);
    if(downcastedPtr)
    {
        std::cout << "Base pointer dynamic_pointer_cast to derived says: ";
        downcastedPtr->d();
    }

    // All pointers to derived share ownership
    std::cout << "Pointers to underlying derived: "
            << derivedPtr.use_count()
            << "\n";
}