[C#] 获取打印机列表

一：获得本地安装的打印机列表

注：（如果在“设备和打印机”中已经添加了局域网的打印机设备，也算是本地安装的打印机；没有添加的则算作局域网打印机）

1，通过 C# 中 PrinterSettings 对象获取，如下，然后通过 foreach 即可遍历 printers；

PrinterSettings.StringCollection printers = System.Drawing.Printing.PrinterSettings.InstalledPrinters;

2，PrintHelper 类以及方法 GetEnumPrinters2，见文章最后部分；

 PRINTER_INFO_2[] printers = PrintHelper.GetEnumPrinters2();
 foreach (PRINTER_INFO_2 printer in printers)
 {
     listBox1.Items.Add(printer.pPrinterName);
 }

3，通过 ManagementObjectCollection （需要添加 System.Management 引用）来查询本地计算机中的打印机列表；

 // 获取本地打印机列表
 ManagementObjectCollection queryCollection;
 string sql = "SELECT * FROM Win32_Printer";
 Dictionary<string, ManagementObject> dict = new Dictionary<string, ManagementObject>();
 ManagementObjectSearcher query = new ManagementObjectSearcher(sql);
 queryCollection = query.Get();
 foreach (ManagementObject mo in queryCollection)
 {
     string oldName = mo["Name"].ToString();
     listBox1.Items.Add(oldName);
 }

二：获取局域网打印机列表

1，PrintHelper 类以及方法 GetEnumPrinters2，见文章最后部分；

 PRINTER_INFO_1[] printers = PrintHelper.GetEnumPrinters();
 foreach (PRINTER_INFO_1 printer in printers)
 {
     if (- == printer.pName.IndexOf("!!"))
     {
         listBox1.Items.Add(printer.pName);
     }
     else
     {
         uint pcbNeeded = ;
         uint pcReturned = ;
         IntPtr pPrInfo4 = IntPtr.Zero;
         uint size = ;
         string pNewName = printer.pName;
         PrintHelper.EnumPrinters(PrinterEnumFlags.PRINTER_ENUM_NAME, pNewName, , IntPtr.Zero, size, ref pcbNeeded, ref pcReturned);
         if (pcbNeeded != )
         {
             pPrInfo4 = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)pcbNeeded);
             size = pcbNeeded;
             PrintHelper.EnumPrinters(PrinterEnumFlags.PRINTER_ENUM_NAME, pNewName, , pPrInfo4, size, ref pcbNeeded, ref pcReturned);
             PRINTER_INFO_1[] printerInfo1 = new PRINTER_INFO_1[pcReturned];
             int offset = pPrInfo4.ToInt32();
             Type type = typeof(PRINTER_INFO_1);
             int increment = Marshal.SizeOf(type);
             for (int i = ; i < pcReturned; i++)
             {
                 printerInfo1[i] = (PRINTER_INFO_1)Marshal.PtrToStructure(new IntPtr(offset), type);
                 offset += increment;
                 listBox1.Items.Add(printerInfo1[i].pName);
             }
             Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pPrInfo4);
         }
     }
 }

PrintHelper 类以及相关枚举和信息类定义

 public class PrintHelper
 {
     [DllImport("winspool.drv", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
     [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
     public static extern bool EnumPrinters(PrinterEnumFlags Flags, string Name, uint Level, IntPtr pPrinterEnum, uint cbBuff, ref uint pcbNeeded, ref uint pcReturned);

     // 获取网络打印机
     public static PRINTER_INFO_1[] GetEnumPrinters(PrinterEnumFlags flags)
     {
         PRINTER_INFO_1[] printerInfo1 = new PRINTER_INFO_1[] { };
         uint pcbNeeded = ;
         uint pcReturned = ;
         IntPtr pPrInfo4 = IntPtr.Zero;
         uint size = ;
         if (EnumPrinters(flags, null, , IntPtr.Zero, size, ref pcbNeeded, ref pcReturned))
         {
             return printerInfo1;
         }
         if (pcbNeeded != )
         {
             pPrInfo4 = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)pcbNeeded);
             size = pcbNeeded;
             EnumPrinters(flags, null, , pPrInfo4, size, ref pcbNeeded, ref pcReturned);
             if (pcReturned != )
             {
                 printerInfo1 = new PRINTER_INFO_1[pcReturned];
                 int offset = pPrInfo4.ToInt32();
                 Type type = typeof(PRINTER_INFO_1);
                 int increment = Marshal.SizeOf(type);
                 for (int i = ; i < pcReturned; i++)
                 {
                     printerInfo1[i] = (PRINTER_INFO_1)Marshal.PtrToStructure(new IntPtr(offset), type);
                     offset += increment;
                 }
                 Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pPrInfo4);
             }
         }

         return printerInfo1;
     }

     // 获取本地打印机
     public static PRINTER_INFO_2[] GetEnumPrinters2()
     {
         PRINTER_INFO_2[] printerInfo2 =  new PRINTER_INFO_2[] { };
         uint pcbNeeded = ;
         uint pcReturned = ;
         IntPtr pPrInfo4 = IntPtr.Zero;
         if (EnumPrinters(PrinterEnumFlags.PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL, null, , IntPtr.Zero, , ref pcbNeeded, ref pcReturned))
         {
             return printerInfo2;
         }
         if (pcbNeeded != )
         {
             pPrInfo4 = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)pcbNeeded);
             EnumPrinters(PrinterEnumFlags.PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL, null, , pPrInfo4, pcbNeeded, ref pcbNeeded, ref pcReturned);
             if (pcReturned != )
             {
                 printerInfo2 = new PRINTER_INFO_2[pcReturned];
                 int offset = pPrInfo4.ToInt32();
                 for (int i = ; i < pcReturned; i++)
                 {
                     printerInfo2[i] = (PRINTER_INFO_2)Marshal.PtrToStructure(new IntPtr(offset), typeof(PRINTER_INFO_2));
                     offset += Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(PRINTER_INFO_2));
                 }
                 Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pPrInfo4);
             }
         }

         return printerInfo2;
     }
 }

PrintHelper

 [FlagsAttribute]
 public enum PrinterEnumFlags
 {
     PRINTER_ENUM_DEFAULT = 0x00000001,
     PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL = 0x00000002,
     PRINTER_ENUM_CONNECTIONS = 0x00000004,
     PRINTER_ENUM_FAVORITE = 0x00000004,
     PRINTER_ENUM_NAME = 0x00000008,
     PRINTER_ENUM_REMOTE = 0x00000010,
     PRINTER_ENUM_SHARED = 0x00000020,
     PRINTER_ENUM_NETWORK = 0x00000040,
     PRINTER_ENUM_EXPAND = 0x00004000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_CONTAINER = 0x00008000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICONMASK = 0x00ff0000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON1 = 0x00010000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON2 = 0x00020000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON3 = 0x00040000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON4 = 0x00080000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON5 = 0x00100000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON6 = 0x00200000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON7 = 0x00400000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_ICON8 = 0x00800000,
     PRINTER_ENUM_HIDE = 0x01000000
 }

PrinterEnumFlags

 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
 public struct PRINTER_INFO_1
 {
     int flags;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pDescription;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pName;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pComment;
 }

PRINTER_INFO_1

 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
 public struct PRINTER_INFO_2
 {
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pServerName;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pPrinterName;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pShareName;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pPortName;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pDriverName;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pComment;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pLocation;
     public IntPtr pDevMode;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pSepFile;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pPrintProcessor;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pDatatype;
     [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
     public string pParameters;
     public IntPtr pSecurityDescriptor;
     public uint Attributes;
     public uint Priority;
     public uint DefaultPriority;
     public uint StartTime;
     public uint UntilTime;
     public uint Status;
     public uint cJobs;
     public uint AveragePPM;
 }

PRINTER_INFO_2

参考资料：

http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/winspool.EnumPrinters

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd162692(v=vs.85).aspx